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Menopause represents the end of menstruation, usually diagnosed when a woman has not had a menstrual period for 12 consecutive months, and there is no other obvious biologic or physiologic cause.

In the Western world, the majority of women experience a natural menopause between the ages of 45 and 55 --on average at about age 51 --but it can occur as early as in a woman's 30s and as late as in her 60s. Menopause is not a disease, but a natural event --the end of fertility --resulting from the ovaries slowing down production of two sex hormones: estrogen and progesterone. When the ovaries are removed surgically ("surgical menopause") or when the ovaries are damaged through drugs or x-rays, "induced menopause" results. Menopause is considered to be "premature" when it occurs either naturally or is induced before age 40.

Although menopause has been defined as a point time, in truth this is a process which unfolds over many years. These years bring a variety of changes associated with decreasing estrogen levels. These changes or "symptoms" most often start in a woman's 40s and sometimes in her 30s. Many women are surprised by two things: the age at which menopause-related symptoms can begin, and the range of symptoms. Other terms often used to discuss menopause include "pre-menopause" (all the reproductive years leading to menopause), "peri-menopause" includes the time immediately prior to the menopause (when the endocrinological, biological, and clinical features of approaching menopause commence) as well as the first years immediately after menopause, and "post-menopause" (all the time beyond menopause).

Before menstruation stops completely, most women experience noticeable changes in their periods. Some periods become shorter in length; others become longer. The flow may be lighter or heavier --and some women have extensive bleeding with clots. The time between periods often changes, with irregularity being very common.

Many women ask when they will go through menopause. Family history might provide clues, since the time of menopause is determined genetically; however, recalled dates of a mother's or grandmother's menopause may not be accurate. Contrary to previous opinion, there is no correlation between the time of a woman's first period and her age at menopause. In addition, in most studies, other factors that have no influence on age at menopause include race, height, the number of children a woman has had, and whether she took oral contraceptives. There is some evidence that a small percentage of women who have had their uterus (but not ovaries) removed --called a "hysterectomy" --experience menopause several years earlier than women of the same age without hysterectomy. One factor that definitely influences the age of menopause is cigarette smoking. Smokers, and even former smokers, can experience menopause up to three years earlier than nonsmokers --providing another reason not to smoke. Although the time of the initial menstrual period ("menarche") is typically experienced at an earlier age than years ago --probably because of improvements in health, education, nutrition, and living conditions --the average age at menopause (about 51 in the Western world) has not changed much since ancient times.

Women who have had hysterectomies and who have not had their ovaries removed will ask when they have gone through menopause. Following "hysterectomy" (the surgical removal of the uterus or womb, but not the ovaries), there will be no more menstrual periods. Therefore, a woman will not have the best marker for identifying menopause: stopping of menstrual periods for 12 consecutive months. However, with the ovaries still intact, estrogen will continue to be produced so that signs of approaching menopause that may appear include the same ones that could appear with a uterus: hot flashes and night sweats. These changes may continue to be experienced or even worsen when the ovaries shut down their production of estrogen at menopause.

Many women have a irregular periods for many years before up to the menopause itself. It is a one of the symptoms of menopause and we called the climacteric or perimenopause. Most common problems can occurs during the climacteric are maybe the women have a heavy bleeding or very little blood. It is normal during that time but if the women in heavy bleeding condition she can face with plenty of problems.

Experience about menopause different between every woman. Every woman have a different of symptoms and experience. Usually the symptoms of menopause and the treatment are :

Usually it happened as a several times an hour and any times and each hot flush usually happened for three to six minutes. The cause why it happened is unknown but mostly the automatic controls of the nervous system become erratic. Usually it will happen when you were too hot and needed to lose heat, during that time this triggers the skin blood vessels to open and also give the signals the sweat glands to become active.

Some women have a sweat heavily during her sleep. It is become not comfortable, problems to falling asleep and restlessness.

Sometimes the women facing with forgetfulness or irritability. It will cause distressing of the family. So that the family must understand and give her moral support to face it. The other possible symptoms are depression, mood swing, tiredness and headaches.

Some women don't like having sex and feel stinging around the vagina during sex. It because a lack of estrogen and cause the vagina don't produce as much lubrication as before and it also affects the bladder and the women more often to pass water. The skin also becomes thinner during the menopause and after the menopause the women is gradual rise in the risk of heart disease and stroke.

Osteoporosis also have a connection with the menopause. It because estrogen normally stimulates the bone-building cells. A lack of estrogen during the menopause cause of osteoporosis and this can make the bones more likely to collapse or fracture.

Lower abdominal pain in women or Pelvic Pain

Most women feel discomfort or pain in the lower abdomen below the navel from time to time, for instance, before or during menstruation.
Taking note of certain symptoms will help you and your doctor accurately diagnose the problem, although this can be difficult. It some cases it can be difficult to identify the cause of the pain, but noting certain features will help you and your doctor come to a likely diagnosis. The most common causes are a urinary system disorder such as a bladder or kidney problem, a bowel problem or a condition involving the reproductive system - the uterus, Fallopian tubes and ovaries.

Type of pain arising from the urinary system.

Pain from the urinary system can indicate such conditions as cystitis (inflammation of the bladder), inflammation of the collecting system of one or both kidneys (pyelonephritis), kidney stones or tumours. The usual condition is a burning sensation when passing urine and a need to empty the bladder more frequently. In addition, pain travelling from the back and around to the front might suggest a kidney infection or kidney stone.

The pain associated with kidney stones may be particularly severe. The presence of blood in the urine raises the possibilities of infection, kidney or bladder stones or even a bladder or kidney tumour. Both benign and malignant tumours can first make themselves noticed in this way. The duration of the pain will further help you and your doctor to make the correct diagnosis.

Type of pain arising from conditions of the intestines

Bowel can give rise to a wide variety of symptoms including pain. Constipation and diarrhoea can be painful in themselves, and the change in bowel habit usually identifies the pain as coming from the bowel. Pain from the bowel is often described as colicky in nature. This means that the pain or discomfort comes in waves with little or no discomfort in between the pain. Bloating or swelling of the lower abdomen may be present in many intestinal conditions including irritable bowel syndrome. The passing of fresh blood or altered blood (black motions) from the back passage should be reported to your doctor as investigation is usually necessary.

Pain arising from conditions of the reproductive organs

There might be discomfort or even pain during intercourse (called dyspareunia) felt deep within the pelvis. Pain originating from the uterus is usually worse at the time of a woman's period (dysmenorrhoea). Examples of conditions of the reproductive organs giving rise to pain include endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, ovarian cysts, fibroids and problems related to the early stages of pregnancy such as miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy.

In any case of sudden, severe, unexplained abdominal pain your doctor should be contacted.

Acute and sudden pains are always worrying but chronic pain can also have serious implications and a doctor should be consulted. These may be cause by periods, passing of urine and bowel movements. When there have been episodes of nausea, vomiting, or fever. It may also involves the person's emotional life - family, friends, work - and their sex life, stress.

Many women experience pain or discomfort at the time of their periods. For most, the pain or unease is not so severe that it interferes with their daily lives .

Some women their monthly period is problematic and almost disabling because of the pain and inconvenience caused. They may have to take time off from school or work and stay at home for one or two days.

Period pain are only sometimes a sign of others disease, like cyst growth, cold ovary or womb, obstructed Qi flow and others complications .

If period pains are more than an inconvenience then it is wise to take some herbal treatment.

What causes menstrual pains?

The natural pains are caused by contractions in the musculature of the uterus. The contractions are caused by the release of the body's prostaglandins, which are hormones produced by the lining of the womb. So when there are abnormal or cold conditions, it will cause pain.

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Pelvic inflammatory disease is an infection that passes from the vagina through neck of the womb (cervix), the womb (uterus) and up to the Fallopian tubes. The ovaries are sometimes also involved. Bacteria and other micro-organisms can find their way through the vagina and the cervix to the internal reproductive organs. A bacterial infection can cause inflammation in these organs and their surroundings. This most commonly occurs in the Fallopian tubes.

Causes Pelvic inflammatory

It may result from a termination of pregnancy or following childbirth. Occasionally, it may be as a result of having sex with a new partner or many partners. But often no specific reason can be found.

Symptoms

It causes tenderness and pain in one or both sides of the lower abdomen. At the same time, it can cause fever and general discomfort. Finally, the infection can be accompanied by heavy, painful periods and sometimes severe brown or even black colour vaginal discharge.

Heavy periods (menorrhagia)

What are heavy periods?

Periods are considered heavy when:
a woman bleeds for more than 8 to 10 days, or a sudden twice as much as her normal flow, especially if this is repeated month after month.

a woman bleeds so much that it is difficult for her to attend her job. She may be forced to plan her holidays and leisure time according to the timings of her period.

the bleeding is continuously so heavy that the woman becomes anaemic.
the presence of high numbers of small clots for more than two days suggests heavy periods.

'flooding' describes the sudden, unexpected onset of periods, like a tap is busted , and indicates heavy periods.

Cause of heavy and long menstrual flow

Associated with heavy periods:

In the olden days in villages, there are many cases of died from heavy and non stop menstruation.

Endometriosis

If the endometrium grows within the muscular layer of the womb it is called adenomyosis, which is just a different type of endometriosis.

The commonest areas to be affected are:
Ovaries where cysts might appear; these are called chocolate cysts because they contain brown material.
Area behind the womb and in front of the rectum (large bowel). This space is called the Pouch of Douglas and endometriosis here often causes deep pain and painful intercourse (dyspareunia).
less common sites include the bowel itself, the bladder and sites outside the pelvis including the navel or operation scars.
Like normal endometrium, the endometriosis tissue undergoes monthly changes according to the hormonal cycle and typically causes painful periods (dysmenorrhoea).

Endometriosis is a very common condition affecting up to 10 per cent of women between 16 and 50 years of age, often without producing any symptoms. Endometriotic tissue is under hormonal influence so it is almost never seen in children or postmenopausal women.

It appears as small blackish-blue nodules on the external lining of the ovaries or elsewhere in the pelvis. In some cases it may lead to the formation of cysts filled with altered blood, known as chocolate cysts.

Endometriosis may cause discomfort or mild to severe pain during a period (dysmenorrhoea), with many sufferers experiencing chronic pain. Sexual intercourse can be painful, and women with chocolate cysts may have a feeling of fullness in the lower parts of their stomach.

Menopause is defined as absence of menstrual periods for 12 months. The menopausal transition starts with varying menstrual cycle length and ends with the final menstrual period.

Menopause is the time in a woman's life when the function of the ovaries ceases. The ovary, or female gonad, is one of a pair of reproductive glands in women.

Menopause is a normal condition that all women experience as they age. The term “menopause” is commonly used to describe any of the changes a woman experiences either just before or after she stops menstruating, marking the end of her reproductive period.