What is gastro-oesophageal reflux?

Oesophagitis

Oesophagitis is inflammation of the inner lining of the oesophagus caused by repeated episodes of gastro-oesophageal reflux.

The symptoms of gastro-esophageal reflux oesophagitis?

A painful or burning sensation in the upper abdomen or chest, sometimes radiating to the back (heartburn).

The acid reflux may reach the pharynx (throat) and mouth. It is sour and may burn. A small number of patients have difficulties breathing and suffer from hoarseness because the refluxed fluid irritates the larynx and respiratory tract.
Excess belching is common.

When does gastro-oesophageal reflux occur?

Symptoms typically occur after over eating a large or fatty meal or drinking alcohol.

Lying down, bending over or bending and lifting can all cause reflux.

It is made worse by smoking.

The frequency with which the symptoms occur varies. For most people, they are rare but weekly and daily episodes of refluxes are not uncommon sometimes even 10 times a day.

Does gastro-oesophageal reflux affect your health?

It is an unpleasant condition that can have a big influence on your lifestyle.Many people feel that their quality of life is lowered by the symptoms. Prolonged exposure to refluxed acid leads to oesophagitis (inflammation of the oesophagus). Long-standing oesophagitis may be complicated by the formation of scar tissue that contracts and results in a narrowing (stricture) in the affected part of the oesophagus. This can make it difficult or even impossible to swallow. It is a serious condition that requires urgent assessment and treatment, but, fortunately, this complication is relatively rare. It can cause ulceration leading to bleeding and an iron deficiency, which may develop into anaemia due to a chronic blood loss.

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How does stomach acid travel up the oesophagus?

The trouble is caused by the faulty oesophageal sphincter, the muscular ring at the lower end of the oesophagus, near the diaphragm. The sphincter is designed to prevent the stomach contents from folowing upward - it functions as one-way valve.

If the sphincter does not work properly, stomach acid flows into the oesophagus. The reflux tendency increases when the stomach contains a lot of gastric juice or food and when there is increased pressure in or on the stomach.

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Which conditions can cause gastro-oesophageal reflux?

In many cases, the disorder cannot be attributed to any specific cause but the following conditions can contribute to the problem.

Hiatus hernia
The stomach pokes through the diaphragm, preventing the muscle fibres of the diaphragm from closing the lower end of the oesophagus. The oesophagus remains wide open which allows stomach acid to get into the oesophagus.

Overweight
If the person is overweight the excessive fat in the abdominal cavity increases the pressure inside it. This causes the contents of the stomach to travel up into the gullet. Loss of weight reduces stomach acid reflux.

Pregnancy
Because the uterus increases in size during pregnancy, it presses on the stomach, creating higher pressure inside it, which increases the tendency to reflux. In addition, hormonal changes lead to relaxation of the oesophageal sphincter during pregnancy.

Meals
The more the stomach is stretched by food, the higher the tendency to reflux. The tendency is also increased by eating fatty meals as fat delays gastric emptying. Try to avoid large rich meals, particularly in the evening and this will reduce the tendency to reflux.

Foods
Chocolate, peppermint, coffee, fruit juices, sour, hot spicy food and alcohol and over eating prevent the oesophageal sphincter from working properly.

Tobacco
Tobacco prevents the oesophageal sphincter from working in order, reduces the rate at which the stomach empties and increases stomach acid production.

Constipation
Constipation increases the tendency to reflux by raising pressure inside the stomach cavity.

Lying down
The tendency to reflux increases when you are lying down. This is just due to gravity. A simple way to change that is to use a pillow under the mattress or to raise the head of your bed by 3 inches with blocks or a house brick under the bed frame.

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disorders diagnosed?
The symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux may be so obvious that no tests are needed.

If the doctor is in doubt, or if the symptoms are very troublesome, a gastroscopy will be considered. During the procedure oesophagitis, hiatus hernias, peptic ulcers and other conditions can be either found or ruled out.

Another possibility is to measure the acidity in the lower end of the oesophagus during a 24-hour period. This will give an indication of how often and how long the reflux episodes last.

Gastro-oesophageal reflux can resemble those of a peptic ulcer, chest pains (angina pectoris), muscle pains, back problems, constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, gallstones, pancreatic disease etc. These conditions will sometimes have to be ruled out before the diagnosis can be made.

How to prevent gastro-oesophageal reflux?

The following changes in lifestyle can reduce the risk of developing reflux: try to reduce strees, try to lose weight if you are overweight avoid large, high-fat meals and bedtime snacks limit coffee intake reduce alcohol consumption stop smoking. When should you take some medication?
If the heartburn is frequent or the symptoms very unpleasant

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Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease or GORD is frequently used as a broad term to refer to a number of digestive disorders or a broad spectrum of oesophagus complaints.

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Gastro-oesophageal Reflux (GOR)" or "Reflux" is the medical term used to describe a condition in which stomach contents - food and gastric acid - frequently flow back up out of the stomach into the oesophagus.

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Acid reflux (also known as gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, GORD or GERD ) is a disease of the lower oesophagus and stomach. Acid reflux involves the inflammation of the lower oesophagus due to the reflux of gastric juice and/or bile.

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Acid reflux is extremely common: as many as one in five people experience Acid reflux symptoms at least once a week, and one in ten people have acid reflux symptoms every day.

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Acid reflux may also occur in infants and children. However, in this age group it is important to distinguish between the relatively rare occurrence of acid reflux, and the common and normal condition of 'physiological reflux'.