Rulers of Scotland

Kenneth MacAlpin 843--860 Declared himself King of all territory north of river Forth, known as Scotia.

Donald I
860--863

Constantine I
863--877

Aedh
877--878

Eocha
878--889

Donald II
889--900

Constantine II
900--943

Malcolm I
943--954

Indulphus
954--962

Duff
962--967

Colin
967--971

Kenneth II
971--995

Constantine III
995--997

Kenneth III
997--1005

Malcolm II
1005--1034

Duncan I
1034--1040 Rest of mainland Scotland added to realm.
Killed by Macbeth in battle.

Macbeth
1040--1057 Killed by Malcolm, Duncan's son.

Malcolm III
1057--1093 Killed during raid on English border.

Donald Bane
1093--1094

Duncan II
1094

Donald Bane
1094--1097

Edgar
1097--1107

Alexander I
1107--1124

David I
1124--1153 Ninth son of Malcolm.
Annexed Northumbria in Northern England.

Malcolm IV
1153--1165 Age eleven at time of accession.
Forced to return Northumbria to England.

William the Lion
1165--1214 Formed alliance with France.
Lost Scottish independence to England, bought it back.

Alexander II
1214--1249

Alexander III
1249--1286

Margaret, Maid of Norway
1286--1290 An infant at time of accession, died en-route from Norway.

First interregnum
1290--1292

John Balliol
1292--1296 Revived alliance with France. England invaded, Scotland defeated.

Second interregnum
1296--1306

Robert the Bruce
1306--1329 Defeated English at Bannockburn, 1314.
England recognize Scottish independance, 1328.

David II
1329--1371 Age five at time of accession.

Robert II
1371--1390 First Stewart king. Previously was regent for David II.

Robert III
1390--1406

James I
1406--1437 Spent first eighteen years of reign as English hostage, returned to Scotland 1424. Murdered.

James II
1437--1460 Age six at time of accession. Died supporting Henry IV in Wars of the Roses.

James III
1460--1488 Age nine at time of accession. Stabbed to death.

James IV
1488--1513 Age fifteen at time of accession. Married Margaret Tudor, daughter of Henry VII of England. Slain at Battle of Flodden Field.

James V
1513--1542 Baby at time of accession. Killed in counter-invasion of England.

Mary, Queen of Scots
1542--1567 One week old at time of accession. Was briefly Queen of France through marriage. Caused scandal by marrying Bothwell, chief suspect in murder of her second husband Lord Darnley. Forced to abdicate in 1567. Beheaded by Elizabeth I of England in 1587.

James VI
1567--1603 Age one at time of accession. Son of Mary and Darnley. Authorized translation of King James Bible.
On the death of Elizabeth I he became James I of England and ruled both countries from 1603--1625.

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