medicines. Alternatives: synthetics
ALIPHATIC ALCOHOL: See Vitamin A.
ALLANTOIN: A uric acid from cows, mostmammals. Also in many plants
(especially comfrey). In cosmetics,Especially creams & lotions, and
used in the treatment of wounds and skin ulcers.
AMBERGRIS: From sperm whale intestines. Used as a fixative in
perfumes and as a flavoring in foods and beverages.(Federal
regulation currently prohibit the use of ingredientsderived from
marine mammals.) Alternatives: synthetic andvegetable fixatives.
AMINO ACIDS: Animal or plant sources. In cosmetics,vitamins,
supplements, shampoos, etc.
AMYLASE: An enzyme prepared from the pancreasof hogs. In cosmetics
and medicines
ANIMAL OILS AND FATS: In foods, cosmetics,etc. Highly allergenic.
Plan derivatives are superior. Alternatives:Olive oil, wheat germ
oil, coconut oil, almond oil, safflower oil,etc.
ARACHIDONIC ACID: A liquid unsaturated fattyacid occurring in the
liver, brain, glands, and fat of animals.Generally isolated from the
liver. In skin creams and lotions to sootheeczema and rashes.
ASPARTIC ACID: DL and L forms. AminosuccinateAcid. Can be animal or
plan (e.g. Molasses) source. In Creams andointments. Sometimes
synthesized for commercial purposes.
BEE PRODUCTS: From bees. For bees. Bees areselectively bred. Culls
are killed. A Cheap sugar is substituted fortheir stolen honey and
millions die as a result. Their legs are oftentorn off by
pollen-collecting trap doors.
BEE POLLEN: Collected from the legs of bees.Causes allergic
reactions in some people. In supplements,shampoos, toothpastes,
deodorants. Too concentrated for human use.
BEESWAX: Obtained from the honeycomb of bees.Very cheap and
traditional but harmful to the skin. Somecompanies won't use beeswax
as it doesn't permit the skin to breathe.In lipsticks and many other
cosmetics, especially face creams, lotions,mascaras, eye creams and
shadows, makeup bases, nail whiteners, etc. Used in making candles,
crayons and polishes. Alternatives:Paraffin; vegetable oils and
fats; ceresin, made from the mineral ozokerite(replaces beeswax in
candle making); carnauba wax from the Brazilianpalm tree (used in
many cosmetics and in the manufacture of rubber,phonograph records,
in waterproofing and writing inks); Japanwas, from the fruit of a
tree grown in Japan and China; synthetic beeswax.
BENZOIC ACID: In almost all vertebrates andin berries. In GLUTAMIC ACID: An amino acid found widely inplant and animal tissue. METHIONINE: An essential amino acid found invarious proteins. Used SILK POWDER: Obtained from the secretion ofthe silkworm. Used as a
mouthwashes, deodorants, creams, aftershavelotions, perfumes, foods,
beverages. Alternatives: gum benzoin (tincture)from the aromatic
balsamic resin from trees grown in china,Sumatra, Thailand and
Cambodia.
BIOTIN: Vitamin H. Vitamin B Factor. In everyliving cell and in
larger amounts in milk and yeast. Used incosmetics, shampoos,
creams. Alternatives: plant sources.
BLOOD: This should be obvious but if it isn't....From any
slaughtered animal. Used in cheese making,foam rubber, intravenous
feedings, medicines and as adhesive in plywood.Possibly in foods as
lecithin (see). Alternatives: synthetics,plant sources.
BOAR BRISTLES: Hair from wild or captive hogs.In "natural"
toothbrushes, hairbrushes, bath brushes, cosmeticbrushes and shaving
brushes. Alternatives: vegetable fibers, nylon.
BONE ASH: Bone earth. The ash of burned bones,used as a fertilizer,
in making ceramics and in cleaning and polishingcompounds.
BONEBLACK: Bone charcoal. A black pigment containing about 10%
charcoal made by roasting bones in an airtightcontainer. Used in
aquarium filters and in refining cane sugar. In eye shadows,
polishes.
BONE MEAL: Animal bones. In some fertilizers,some vitamins and
supplements as a source of calcium, toothpastes. Alternatives: plant
mulch, vegetable compost, dolomite, clay,vegetarian vitamins.
CAPRYLIC ACID: Can come from cow or goat milk.Also from palm and
coconut oil, other plant oils. In perfumes, soaps.
CARMINE: Cochineal. Carminic Acid. Red pigmentfrom the crushed
female cochineal insect. Reportedly70,000 beetles may be killed to
produce one pound of this red dye. Usedin cosmetics, shampoos, red
apple sauce and other foods. May causeallergic reactions.
Alternatives: beet juice, no known toxicity(used in powders,
roughes, shampoos); alkanet root, from theroot of an herblike tree,
no known toxicity (used as a red dye for inks,wines, lip balms, etc.
and can be combined to make a copper or bluecoloring).
CAROTENE. Provitamin A. Beta Carotene. Found in many animal tissues
and in all plants. Used as a coloring in cosmeticsand in the
manufacture of Vitamin A.
CASEIN. Caseinogen. Milk protein. In "non-dairy" creamers, many
cosmetics , hair preparations, beauty masks.Alternatives: soy
protein, vegetable milks.
CASTOREUM: Castor. From muskrat and beavergenitals. Used in
perfumes and incense. Alternatives:synthetics, plant sources.
Castor oil comes from the castor bean andis used in many cosmetics.
CATGUT: Tough cord or thread made from theintestines of sheep,
horses, etc. Used for surgical sutures andfor stringing tennis
rackets and musical instruments, etc. Alternatives:nylon & other
man-made fibers.
CETYL ALCOHOL: Cetyl Lactate. Cetyl Myristate.Cetyl Palmitate.
Ceteth-1, 02, etc. Wax found in spermaceti(see) from sperm whales or
dolphins. Used in lipsticks, mascaras, nailpolish removers, hand
lotions, cream roughs and many other cosmetics,shampoos, hair
lacquers and other hair products, deodorants,antiperspirants
(Federal regulations currently prohibit theuse of ingredients
derived from marine mammals.) Alternatives:vegetable cetyl alcohol
(e.g., coconut) synthetic spermaceti.
CHOLESTERIN: Cholesterol. A steroidalcohol, especially in all
animal fats and oils, nerve tissue, egg yolkand blood. Can be
derived from lanolin (see). In cosmetics,eye creams, shampoos, etc.
Alternatives: plant sources, synthetics.
CIVET: Obtained from the civet, a small mammal,by stimulating it,
usually through torture. Civets are kept captivein cages in horrible
conditions. Used in perfumes as a fixative.
COLLAGEN: A fibrous protein in vertebrates.Usually derived from
animal tissue. In cosmetics. Can't affectthe skin's own collagen.
Alternatives: soy protein, almond oil, amlaoil (from Indian tree's
fruit).
CORTISONE: Cortico Steroid. Hormone from cattleliver. Widely used in
medicine. Alternatives: synthetics.
CYSTEINE, L-Form. CYSTINE: Two amino acidswhich can come from
animals. Used in hair products and creams,in some bakery products
and wound healing formulations.Alternatives: Plant sources.
DOWN: Good or duck insulating feathers. Oftenfrom slaughtered or
cruelly exploited geese. Used in pillowsand as an insulator in
quilts, parkas, sleeping bags. Bad in cold,wet weather as it packs
down. Alternatives: many polyesterand man-made substitutes,
superior in many ways; kapok (silkyfibers from the seeds of some
tropical trees); milkweed seed pod fibers.
DUODENUM SUBSTANCES: From the digestive tractsof cattle and swine.
In some vitamins and medicines. Alternatives:vegetarian vitamins,
synthetics.
EGG ALBUMIN: Albumen. In eggs, milk,muscles, blood and in many
vegetable tissues and fluids. In cosmetics,albumin is usually
derived from egg whites. May cause allergicreactions. In cakes,
cookies, candies, other foods. Egg whitessometimes used in
"clearing" wines.
EGG PROTEIN: In shampoos, skin preparations,etc. Alternatives: plant
proteins.
ELASTIN: Found in the neck ligaments and aortaof cattle (bovine).
Similar to collagen Can't affect the skin'sown elasticity.
Alternatives: synthetics, proteins from planttissues.
ESTROGEN: Estrone. Estradiol. From cowovaries and pregnant mares'
urine. Considered a drug. Can have harmfulsystemic effects if used
by children. Used for reproductive problemsand in birth control
pills. In creams and lotions. Has no effect in the creams as a
"nourishing" factor and simple vegetable sourcecreams are considered
better. Alternatives: Oral contraceptivesmarketed today are usually
based on synthetic steroids. Phytoestrogens(from plants) are being
researched currently.
FATTY ACIDS: Can be one or any mixture ofliquid and solid acids,
caprylic, myristic , oleic, palmitic, stearic(see all), behenic.
Used in bubble baths, lipsticks, soaps, detergents,cosmetics,
shampoos, foods. Alternatives: vegetable-derivedacids, soya
lecithin, safflower oil, bitter almond oil,sunflower oil, etc.
FEATHERS: Generally from exploited and/orslaughtered birds. Can be
used as ornaments in whole or can be groundup in shampoos, etc. See
Down. See Keratin.
FISH LIVER OIL: Cod-Liver Oil. Fish livers. Used in Lubricating
creams and lotions, vitamins and supplements. In milk fortified with
Vitamin D. Alternatives: vegetable oils, yeastextract ergosterol,
sunshine.
FISH OIL: See Marine Oil. Fish oil canbe from marine mammals. Used
in skin ointments, soap making, etc. (Federalregulations currently
prohibit the use of ingredients derived fromthe marine mammals.)
FISH SCALES: Used in shimmery makeups (eye,etc.). Garbage cans full
of scales are sold to manufacturers. Alternatives:mica, rayon.
FLETAN OIL: Rare ingredient derived from fishliver which includes
lecithin, Vitamin A and Vitamin D (see all).
FUR: Hopefully speaks for itself.
GELATIN: Gel. Protein obtained by boilingskin, tendons, ligaments or
bones with water, From cattle and hogs. Usedin shampoos, face masks,
other cosmetics. Used as a thickener for fruitgelatins and puddings
("Jello"). In candies, marshmallows,cakes, ice cream, yogurts. On
photographic film as a coating and in vitaminsas capsules.
Sometimes used to assist in "clearing" wines.Alternatives: algae and
seaweed (carrageen [Irish moss], algin, agar-agar, kelp), used in
jellies, plastics, medicines; pectin fromfruit; dextrins; locust
bean gum cotton gum. Marshmallowswere originally made from the
root of the marshmallow plant.
Used as food seasoning and as an antioxidantin cosmetics.
GLYCERIDES: Monoglycerides. Diglycerides. From animal fat. In
margarines, cake mixes, confectioneries, foods,cosmetics, etc. See
Glycerin. Alternatives: vegetable monoglyceridesand diglycerides,
synthetics.
GLYCERIN: Glycerol. Polyglycerol. PolytethyleneGlycol (PEG). A
by-product of soap manufacture (normally usedanimal fat). In
cosmetics, foods, mouthwashes, toothpastes,soaps, ointments,
medicines, lubricants, transmission and brakefluids, plastics.
Alternatives: Vegetable or vegetable glycerin,a by-product of
vegetable oil soap; derivatives of seaweed,petroleum.
GUANINE: Pearl essence. Obtained from scalesof fish. Constituent of
ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acidand is found in all animal
and plant tissues. In shampoos, nail polish, other cosmetics.
Alternatives: leguminous plants, synthetics.
HIDE GLUE: Same as gelatin but of a cruder,impure form.
Alternatives: Dextrins and synthetic petrochemical-basedadhesives.
HONEY: Food for bees, made by bees. Stilla sugar, too concentrated
for humans. Contains toxins harmful to humans.Can cause allergic
reactions. In cosmetics, foods. Alternatives:Maple syrup, Date
sugar, syrups made from grains.
HORSEHAIR AND OTHER ANIMAL HAIR: In some blankets mattresses,
brushes, furniture, etc. Alternatives: vegetableand man-made fibers.
HYDROLYZED ANIMAL PROTEIN: In cosmetics, especiallyshampoos and hair
treatments. Alternatives: soy protein,other vegetable proteins,
amla oil (from an Indian tree's fruit).
INSULIN: From the pancreas of hogs and oxen. Used by millions of
diabetics daily. Alternatives: synthetics,human insulin grown in a
lab, diet when possible.
ISINGLASS: A form of gelatin prepared fromthe internal membranes of
fish bladders. In foods and sometimes usedin "clearing" wines.
Alternatives: bentonite clay, "Japanese isinglass";see Alternatives
for Gelatin. Isinglass is also a mineral,mica, used in cosmetics.
KERATIN: From the ground-up horns, hoofs,feathers, quills and hair
of various creatures. In hair rinses,shampoos, permanent wave
solutions. Alternatives: almond oil,soy protein, amla oil, (from an
Indian tree's fruit), rosemary, nettle. Rosemaryand nettle give body
and stand strength to hair.
LACTIC ACID: L-Lactic Acid (a by-product ofthe slaughterhouse).
Produced by the fermentation of lactose whenmilk sours or from
sucrose and some other carbohydrates by theaction of certain
microorganism. Can be found in bloodand muscle tissue. In skin
fresheners, adhesives, plasticizers, pharmaceuticals,sour milk,
beer, sauerkraut, pickles and other food productsmade by bacterial
fermentation. Used in foods and beveragesas an acidulant, flavoring
and preservative.
LACTOSE: Milk sugar. Milk of mammals. In eyelotions, foods, tablets,
cosmetics, baked goods, medicines, Alternatives:plant milk sugars.
LANOLIN: Lanolin Acid. Lanolin Alcohols (sterol,Triterpene Alcohol,
Aliphatic Alcohol). Wool Fat. Laneth-5, -10,etc. Lanogene.
Lanosterol. Isopropyl Lanolate. A productof the oil glands of sheep,
extracted from their wool. In many skin careproducts and cosmetics
and in medicines. Some cosmetic companieswon't use it because it
commonly causes allergic contact skin rashes,and also they consider
it to be a cheap filler. Vegetable sourcesare thought to be better
moisturizers- lanolin is too greasy, waterproofand sealing. Skin
can't breathe. See Wool for cruelty to sheep.
LARD: Fat from hog abdomens. Inshaving creams , soaps, cosmetics,
baked goods and other foods. Hard to digest.Alternatives: vegetable
fats or oils.
LEATHER: Suede. Calfskin. Sheepskin. Alligator.Kid. Euphemism for
animal skin. The use of and sale ofit subsidizes the meat industry
. Used to make wallets, handbags, belts,furniture, and car
upholstery, shoes, coats, etc. Alternatives:natural materials such
as cotton, canvas, etc.; man-made materialssuch as nylon, vinyl.
LECITHIN: Choline Bitartrate. In allliving organism. Frequently
obtained for commercial purposes from eggsand soybeans (when stated
SOY lecithin). Also from nerve tissue, blood, milk, corn. Choline
bitartrate, the basic constituent of lecithin,is in many animal and
plant tissues or prepared synthetically. Lecithincan be in eye
creams, lipsticks, liquid powders, hand creams,lotions, soaps,
shampoos, other cosmetics, candies and otherfoods, medicines.
LINOLEIC ACID: An essential fatty acid(see). In cosmetics vitamins.
LIPASE: Enzyme from the stomachs and tongueglands of calves, kids
and lambs. Probably in some vitamins. Alternatives:vegetable
enzymes.
LIPOIDS/LIPIDS: Fat and fatlike substanceswhich occur in animals and
plants.
LUNA SPONGE: Sea Sponge., A plantlike animalthat lives in the sea
and is becoming scarce. Alternatives: man-madesponges.
MARINE OIL: Fish Oil. From fish or marinemammals (including
porpoises). Used in soap making, candles,lubricants, paints and as
a shortening (especially in some margarines).(Federal regulations
currently prohibit the use of ingredientsderived from marine
mammals.)
as a texturizer in creams.
MILK PROTEIN: Hydrolyzed Milk Protein. Frommilk (cows). In
cosmetics, shampoos, moisturizers, conditioners,etc. Alteratives:
soy protein, other plant proteins.
MINK OIL: From minks. In cosmetics, creams,etc. Alternatives:
vegetable oils and emollients (e.g., avocado,almond oil, jojoba,
etc.)
MUSK: Obtained from the genitals of the NorthernAsian small hornless
deer. In perfumes and food flavorings. Can cause allergic
reactions. Alternatives: labdanum (oilwhich comes from various
rockrose shrubs), no known toxicity. Other plants have a musky scent
also.
MYRISTIC ACID: Isopropyl myristate. Myristyl. Etc. In most animal
and vegetable fats. In Butter acids. Used in shampoos, creams,
cosmetics, food flavorings. Alternatives:nut butters, oil of
lovage, coconut oil, extract from seed kernelsof nutmeg, etc.
"NATURAL SOURCE.": Can mean animal, vegetableor mineral source. Most
often in the health food industry, it meansan animal source,
especially in cosmetics (e.g., animal elastin[see], animal glands,
fat, protein , oil, etc.) . Be waryof this term. Find out exact
source.
NUCLEIC ACID: In the nucleus of all livingcells. Used in cosmetics,
shampoos, conditioners, vitamins, supplements,etc. Alternatives:
plant sources.
OCTYL DODECANOL: Mixture of solid waxy alcohols.Primarily from
stearyl alcohol (see).
OLEIC ACID: Oleth-2, -3, -20, etc. Oleyl Alcohol.Oleamine. Oleyl
Betaine. Obtained from variousanimal and vegetable fats and oils.
Is usually obtained commercially from inedibletallow (see). In
foods, soft soaps, bar soaps, permanent wavesolutions, shampoos,
creams, nail polish, lips ticks, liquid makeups,many other skin
preparations. Alternatives: coconutoil; see alternatives for Animal
Oils and Fats.
OX BILE: Oxgall. From castrated bovines. In creams.
PALMITIC ACID: Palmitate. Fatty Acids. From fats, oils (see Fatty
Acids) mixed with stearic acid (see). Occurs in many animal fats and
plant oils. In shampoos, shaving soaps,creams. Alternatives: palm
oil and other vegetable sources.
PANTHENOL: Depanthenol. Vitamin B ComplexFactor. Provitamin B5.
Can come from animal or plant sources or synthetics. In shampoos,
foods, supplements, emollients, etc.
PEPSIN: Obtained from the stomachs orhogs. A clotting agent. In
some cheeses and vitamins. Same usesand alternatives as rennet
(see).
PLACENTA: Placenta Polypeptides Protein. Afterbirth. Contains waste
matter eliminated by the fetus. Derivedfrom the uterus of
slaughtered animals. Animal placentais widely used in skin creams,
shampoos, masks, etc. Doesn't removewrinkles. Alternatives: kelp,
vegetable oils.
POLYPEPTIDES: Obtained from slaughterhousewastes. See RNA/DNA.
Alternatives: plant proteins and enzymes.
PROPOLIS: A resinous substance collected fromvarious plants by bees
and used in the construction of their hives.In toothpastes,
shampoos, deodorants, supplements, etc.
POLYSORBATES: Derivatives of fatty acids (see).In cosmetics, foods.
PRISTANE: Obtained from the liver oil of sharksand from whale
ambergris (see). See Squalene. Usedas a lubricant and anticorrosive
agent. In cosmetics. (Federal regulationscurrently prohibit the use
of ingredients derived from marine mammals.) Alternatives: plant
oils, synthetics.
PROGESTERONE: A steroid hormone (see) usedin face creams. Can have
adverse systemic effects. Alternatives:synthetics.
RENNET: Rennin. From calves' stomachs. Used in cheesemaking,
rennet custard (junket) and in many coagulateddairy products.
Alternatives: microbial coagulating agents,bacteria culture, lemon
juice.
RNA/DNA: Ribonucleic Acid. DeoxyribonucleicAcid. Polypeptides.
Obtained from slaughterhouse wastes. In all living cells. Used in
many protein shampoos and cosmetics. Alternatives: plant cells.
ROYAL JELLY: Secretion of the throat glandsof the honeybee workers
that is fed to the larvae in a colony andto all queens larvae. No
proven value in cosmetic preparations. Alternatives:aloe vera,
comfrey, other plant derivatives.
SABLE BRUSHES: From the fur of sables (weasel-likemammals). Used to
make cosmetic brushes. Alternatives:synthetic furs and fibers.
SILK: Shiny fiber made by silkworms to formtheir cocoons. Boiled or
roasted in their cocoons to get the silk. Used in cloth and silk
screening. Alternatives: milkweed seedpod fibers, nylon,
silk-cotton tree and ceiba tree filaments(kapok), rayon, man-made
silks. Other fine cloth can be and isused for silk screening.
Taffeta can be made from silk or nylon.
coloring agent in face powders, soaps, etc. Causes severe allergic
reactions; systemic reactions if inhaled oringested.
SNAILS: Crushed. In some cosmetics.
SPERMACETI: Cetyl Palmitate. Sperm Oil. Waxy oil derived from the
sperm whale's head or from dolphins. In skin creams, ointments,
shampoos, candles, many margarines. Used in the leather industry.
May become rancid and cause irritations (Federalregulations
currently prohibit the use of ingredientsderived from marine
mammals.) Alternatives: Synthetic spermaceti,jojobas oil and other
vegetable emollients.
SQUALANE: Obtained from shark liver oil. Lubricant and perfume
fixative. Alternatives: synthetics.
SQUALENE: From shark liver oil or vegetableoil. An emollient from a
"natural source" (see). A precursorof cholesterol in biosynthesis.
In cosmetics, moisturizers, hair dyes. Alternatives: vegetable
emollients (olive oil, wheat germ oil, ricebran oil, etc.).
STEARIC ACID: Tallow (see). Stearamide.Stearate. Quaternium 27.
Stearin. Fat from cows, sheep, etc.(could be dogs and cats from
shelters). Most often refers to a fattysubstance taken from the
stomachs of pigs. Can be harsh, irritating. Used in cosmetics,
soaps, lubricants, candles, hairsprays, conditioners,deodorants,
creams. Alternatives: can be found inmany vegetable fats, e.g.,
coconut.
STEARYL ALCOHOL: Stenol. A mixture ofsolid alcohols; can be
prepared from sperm whale oil. In medicines,creams, rinses,
shampoos, etc. (Federal regulationscurrently prohibit the use of
ingredients derived from marine mammals.) Alternatives: plant
tissues, synthetics.
STEROID: Sterol. From various animalglands or from plant tissues.
Steroids include sterols. Sterols arealcohols from animals or
plants (e.g., cholesterol). Used inhormone preparations. In
creams, lotions, hair conditioners, fragrances,etc. Alternatives:
plant tissues, synthetics.
TALLOW: Tallowate. Tallow Fatty Alcohol. Stearic Acid (see).
Rendered beef or sheep fat. May causeeczema and blackheads. In wax
paper, crayons, margarines, paints, rubber,lubricants, candles,
soaps, shampoos, lipsticks, shaving creams,other cosmetics.
Alternatives: vegetable tallow (animal tallowusually used
commercially), Japan tallow, paraffin, ceresin(see alternatives for
Beeswax).
TURTLE OIL: Sea Turtle Oil. From themuscles and genitals of giant
sea turtles. In soaps, skin creams,nail creams, other cosmetics.
Alternatives: Vegetable emollients (see Alternativesfor Animal Oils
and Fats).
UREA: Carbamide. Imidazolidinyl Urea. Uric Acid. Found in urine
and other body fluids. Also producedsynthetically. In deodorants,
ammoniated dentifrices, mouthwashes, haircolorings, hand creams,
lotions, shampoos, etc. Used to "brown"baked goods such as
pretzels.
VITAMIN A: Retinol. Acetate and Palmitate(see Palmitic Acid). An
aliphatic alcohol. Can come from fish-liveroil (e.g., shark-liver
oil), egg yolks, butter, lemongrass, wheatgerm oil, carotene in
carrots, etc., synthetics. In cosmetics,creams, perfumes, hair
dyes, vitamins, supplements.
VITAMIN B12: Usually from an animal source. Some vegetarian B12
fortified yeasts and analogs available. Some vegetarian B12 vitamins
are in a stomach base. Plant algae discoveredcontaining B12, now in
supplement form (spirulina). Also, B12is produced in a healthy
body.
VITAMIN D: Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2,Ergosterol, provitamin D2,
Calciferool). Vitamin D3. VitaminD can come from fish-liver oil,
eggs, milk, butter. Vitamin D2 is madeby irradiating ergosterol, a
provitamin from plants or yeast. VitaminD3 is from fish-liver oil.
In creams, lotions, other cosmetics, vitamins. Alternatives
sunshine, plant sources, synthetics.
OTHER VITAMINS: (Choline, Biotin [see], Inositol,Riboflavin, etc.).
Many other vitamins can come from animal sources. Alternatives:
vegetarian vitamins, plant and mineral sources.
WHEY: From milk. Usually in cakes, cookies,candies, cheese.
Alternatives: soybean whey.
WOOL: From sheep (in the U.S., mostly fromslaughtered ones). Used
in clothing, including blends. Ram lambsand old "wool" sheep are
slaughtered for their meat and last shearing. Sheep are transported
without food or water in extreme heat andcold. Legs are broken,
eyes injured, etc. Sheep are bred tobe unnaturally woolly.
Inferior sheep are killed. ShearingDOES hurt the sheep. They are
pinned down violently, sheared roughly. Their skin is cut up. Every
year, hundreds of thousands of shorn sheepdie from exposure to cold.
Natural predators of sheep (wolves,coyotes, eagles, etc.) are
poisoned, trapped and shot. In the USA,overgrazing by cattle and
sheep is turning more than 150 million acresof land into desert.
"Natural" wool raising uses enormous amountsof resources and energy
(to breed, raise, feed, shear, transport,slaughter, etc. the sheep).
Many people are allergic to wool. Alternatives: cotton, cotton
flannel, linen, man made fibers, etc.