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The large image above represents an Anasazi "Library Rock." The small glyph is a typical Anasazi reader (or perhaps a self- portrait of the author).
The following is a list of books, travel guides, and magazine articles that have been helpful in the preparation of this document. A brief description or characterization is provided for each item.
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Bailey, Garrick, and Roberta Glenn Bailey, 1986, A
History Of the Navajos: The Reservation Years,
School of American Research Press, Santa Fe, NM., 360 P.
A detailed history of the interaction between the US Government and the Navajo since their return from Bosque Redondo, in 1868. Begins with a brief summary of the early history of the Navajo. The majority of the book concerns the impact on the tribe of various changing Federal policies regarding "Indians," in general, or the Navajo, specifically. The authors of this volume appear to be frustrated math majors. :=) The book is packed with charts and graphs that dramatically demonstrate the points the authors wish to make. Proves the point that a picture really can be worth a thousand words. The book is comprehensive, with extensive coverage of economics, as well as history ane culture.
Courlander, Harold, 1971, The Fourth World of the
Hopi: The Epic Story of the Hopi Indians As
Preserved in Their Legends and Traditions, Crown Publishers, NY,
239 P.
Skillfully-written book that starts Hopi "history" with the Hopi traditional creation and migration myths, then smoothly transitions into partially-documented oral-history traditions of older events, then segues into recorded events from the more-recent past. The writing style makes the narrative flow, without interruption from one source to another. Mr. Courlander is also the author of People of the Short Blue Corn: Tales and Legends of the Hopi Indians, and a large number of other books on the legends and traditions of cultures from Africa, Haiti, and the Pacific region.
James, Harry C., 1974, Pages From Hopi History
, The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Az.,
258 P.
An excellent account of later Hopi history, with the emphasis on the years under United States administration. The early centuries, through the Mexican years, are covered in fewer than 75 pages. The latter portion of the book describes the mal-administration and shortcomings of various Indian Agents and shortcomings of Washington policies, in great detail. The book is current through the early years of the problems with the Peabody mine. The book is in a ninth printing.
Kluckhohn, Clyde, and Dorothea Leighton, 1946, revised 1974, by
Lucy H. Wales and Richard Kluckhohn, The Navaho
, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.,
355 P.
A comprehensive look at the Navajo people, their history, land, culture, religion, and language. As in any book that tries to cover so many topics, some are treated in much more detail than others. A very good look at the language and religion of the Navajo. The history coverage is rather brief. Mr. Kluckhohn is also the author of Navaho Means People .
Waters, Frank, 1963, Book of the Hopi
: The First Revelation Of The Hopi’s Historical And
Religious Worldview Of Life, Penguin Books, NY, 346 P.
THE definitive book concerning the Hopi. Long viewed as the standard work on the tribe, although warnings have been given that the book does contain some outright errors, and things have changed in Hopiland since the book was published. Includes discussion of the religion and myths of the tribe, along with a detailed history. Frank Waters received five nominations for the Nobel Prize for Literature.
Dellenbaugh, Frederick S, 1935, Resume of Grand
Canyon History, Grand Canyon Natural History
Association Bulletin, No 2.
A brief summary of the history of the Grand Canyon region by a member of Major Powell's second Colorado River Expedition.
Hughes, Donald, 1966, The Story of Man at the Grand
Canyon, Grand Canyon Natural History Association,
93 P.
A discussion of Native American past and present occupants of the Grand Canyon, as well as usage of the Canyon by nearby tribes. Includes the discovery and "historical" history of the the Canyon from the perspective of the Spaniards and Anglos.
Powell, Major John Wesley, 1875, The Ancient
Province Of Tusayan: The Hopi Villages, Filter
Press, Palmer Lake, Co., 36 P.
This is a 1972 reprint of an excellent, typically well-written, period-piece 1875 article by Maj. Powell. It includes considerable additional modern introductory material, and a large number of period illustrations. The bold type on the cover reads “The Hopi Villages,” although the interior text refers to the article as “The Ancient...”. Powell, himself, uses the then-common, somewhat insulting term “Moqui,” rather than the proper shortened form of the tribal name, “Hopi,” so wouldn’t have titled anything “The Hopi...”. The thrust of the article is a recounting of a trip through Northern Arizona. The Black Mesa and the Hopi are only a portion of the story, despite the title on the cover.
Allen, T. D., 1963, Navahos Have Five Fingers
, University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Ok,
250 P.
Stories by a husband and wife team who had frequently visited Navajo country, then served for a time at a mission outpost health clinic at Tselani, along the eastern margin of the Black Mesa. near Cottonwood Gap. An enjoyable series of vignettes by a couple who work with the Navajo through the common language of laughter. Their intimacy with the people never reaches the degree of understanding of some of the other long-term visitors to the reservation who learned the language and stayed longer.
Hall, Edward T., 1994, West Of The Thirties
:
Discoveries Among The Navajo And Hopi, Anchor Books, NY, 192 P.
One of the best books on a portion of the Twentieth Century history of the region, northeastern Arizona, this is not a traditional history of the tribes. It is the personal history and a recounting of impressions and personal points of views of the author. It tells of things Mr. Hall saw while working at the Black Mesa and Keams Canyon region during the launching of the New Deal, in the 1930s. Mr. Hall was always watchful and sensitive to what was occurring around him. He picked up on many subtle cultural aspects and trends within the Native tribes. It should be noted, however that both the Navajo and Hopi have changed quite a bit since he was observing them sixty-plus years ago. The adaptable Navajo have particularly changed from the days when Bosque Redondo was fresher in their collective consciousness.
Naranjo, Tito, 1995, Reflections on the Bluewater
People, Archaeology Magazine, Archaeological
Institute of America, Vol. 48, No. 5, September - October,
P. 62.
A Tewa revisits his roots.
Newcomb, Franc Johnson, 1966, Navajo Neighbors
, University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Ok.,
238 P.
Recollections of a woman who first came to the Navajo reservation in 1912, for a job as a teacher. She subsequently married and helped her husband operate the Blue Mesa Trading Post, on the reservation, 65 miles north of Gallup. Her stories point out that the "unchanging world" of the Four Corners has, in reality, changed significantly since the early part of the century.
Aberle, S. D., 1948, The Pueblo Indians of New
Mexico: Their Land, Economy and Civil
Organization, The American Anthropolgist, Vol. 50, No 4,
Part 2, October, 93 P.
A census of the Pueblo settlements with a detailed analysis of the "governmental" organization of the settlements, as viewed from an Anglo Government perspective.
Bahti, Thomas, 1968, Southwestern Indian Tribes
, KC Publications, Las Vegas, Nev., 72 P.
Colorful, plus black and white, well done graphics. In its 13th printing. Covers many tribes, minor plus major. Many tribes receive few pages, but are not mentioned in other publications. Much original material and photography.
Dutton, Bertha P., Zuni in Brief Review
, New Mexico Geological Society, 13th. Field Conference,
Pp. 162 - 170.
Coverage of the Pueblo villages and archaeologic sites in western New Mexico.
Hack, John T., 1942, The Changing Physical
Environment of the Hopi Indians of Arizona:
Reports of the Awatovi Expedition, Peabody Museum, Harvard
University Report No. 1, Papers of the Peabody Museum of
American Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University,
Vol. XXXV - No 1, Cambridge, Mass., 81 P. plus 12 Plates.
Scientific study of the geology, water resources, land use patterns, erosion, and population effects due to human activity and climate changes and variations along the southern margin of the Black Mesa.
Houk, Rose, 1992, Mogollon,
Southwest Parks and Monuments Association, Tucson, Az., 15 P.
Slim, colorful introduction to the Mogollon people and their key archaeological sites. The series includes other volumes on the Hohokam, Sinagua, and Salado peoples.
Marriott, Alice, 1952, Indians of the Four
Corners: The Anasazi And Their Pueblo
Descendants, Ancient City Press, Santa Fe, NM, 176 P.
Written for young adults. Treats the Pueblo and Hopi as living Anasazi, showing the continuity of a culture and its traditions.
Matlock, Gary, 1988, Enemy Ancestors
: The Anasazi World With A Guide To Sites, Northland
Publishing, Flagstaff, Az., 116 P.
An overview of the history and archaeology of the Anasazi, with quality photography, and a discussion of National Park Service (NPS) and other sites around the Four Corners.
Parker, Kathleene, 1991, The Only True People
: A History Of The Native Americans Of The
Colorado Plateau, Thunder Mesa Publishing, 84 P.
Ethnographic coverage of a large number of tribes, some in much greater detail than others. Includes both modern tribes and coverage of the Anasazi.
Pilles, Peter J., 1981, The Southern Sinagua
, Plateau Magazine, Vol. 53, # 1, The Museum of
Northern Arizona, Flagstaff, Az., Pp. 6 - 17.
Scholarly discussion of the history and culture of the Verde Valley.
Strawn, Enos J., 1957, dineh Means "The People"
, Four Corners Geological Society, 2nd. Field
Conference, Pp. 92 - 95.
Compact, easy-reading summary of the history of the Navajo, with an overview of their culture.
Allen, T. D., 1963, Navahos Have Five Fingers
, University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Ok,
250 P.
Stories by a husband and wife team who had frequently visited Navajo country, then served for a time at a mission outpost health clinic at Tselani, along the eastern margin of the Black Mesa. near Cottonwood Gap. An enjoyable series of vignettes by a couple who work with the Navajo through the common language of laughter. Their intimacy with the people never reaches the degree of understanding of some of the other long-term visitors to the reservation who learned the language and stayed longer. Voulme 68 of The Civilization of the American Indian series, published by the University of Oklahoma Press.
Cordell, Linda S., 1994, Ancient Pueblo Peoples
, Smithsonian Books, Washington, DC, 176 P.
A volume from the Exploring the Ancient World series,
published by the Smithsonian.
A broad overview introduction to the archaeology of NM and the Four Corners in less than 200 pages. This volume focuses on the whole of Anasazi culture. The final chapter discusses the Hopi and Pueblo peoples. The focus is more on NM than on the Keyenta Anasazi or Hopi. Prof. Cordell is also the author of Prehistory of the Southwest, 1984, Academic Press, NY.
Houk, Rose, 1992, Mogollon,
Southwest Parks and Monuments Association, Tucson, Az., 15 P.
Slim, colorful introduction to the Mogollon people and their key archaeological sites. The series includes other volumes on the Hohokam, Sinagua, and Salado peoples.
Iverrson, Peter, 1990, The Navajo,
Chelsea House, NY, 112 P. A volume from the Indians of
North America series.
A general introduction to the history of the Navajo, written for the young adult. Provides a concise overview of the nation. Avoids controversial issues, but recounts many of the horrors of the Long Walk. The series also includes a volume on the Hopi.
Colton, Harold S., Archaeology of the Flagstaff
Area, New Mexico Geological Society, 13th Field
Conference, Pp. 171 - 172.
A brief overview of the local archaeologic sites in the Flagstaff area by Professor Colton, Prof. Emeritus from Northern Arizona University.
Cummings, Byron, 1953, First Inhabitants of Arizona
and the Southwest, Cummings Publication Council,
Tucson, Az., 251 P.
Includes a very brief history of the Anasazi and their neighbors. The main focus of the book is on the culture of the ancient residents of the area.
Grant, Campbell, 1967, Rock Art of the American
Indian, Promontory Press, New York, 178 P.
Overview of Native American rock art from all parts of North
America. Due to the great geographic range covered, the book
does not go into any great detail in any one region.
Hack, John T., 1942, Prehistoric Coal Mining in the
Jeddito Valley, Arizona: Reports of the Awatovi
Expedition, Peabody Museum, Harvard University Report No. 2,
Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and
Ethnology, Harvard University, Vol. XXXV - No 2, Cambridge,
Mass., 19 P.
Scientific study of the mining practices and uses of coal along the southern margin of the Black Mesa during prehistoric (primarily 13th. - 17th. Centuries) times.
Hecht, Robert A., 1987, Anasazi Trails
, Archaeology Magazine, Archaeological Institute of
America, Vol. 40, No 3, May-June, Pp. 22 - 28.
A nice summary overview of the history of the archaeological study of the Anasazi.
Jett, Stephen C., 1964, Pueblo Indian Migrations
: An Evaluation of the Possible Physical and
Cultural Determinants, American Antiquity, Vol. 29, No 3,
January, Pp. 281 - 300.
A 1964-vintage scientific discussion of the effects of the Great Drought, Anasazi agricultural practices, erosion, and enemy invaders on large population centers around the Four Corners, pre-1300 AD.
Lekson, Stephen H., 1987, Great House Architecture
of Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, Archaeology
Magazine, Archaeological Institute of America, Vol. 40, No 3,
May - June, Pp. 22 - 28.
A discusion of what is known, along with many aspects that remain mysterious, concerning the culture at Chaco.
Lekson, Stephen H., 1995, Tracking the Movements of
an Ancient People, Archaeology Magazine,
Archaeological Institute of America, Vol. 48, No 5, September -
October, Pp. 54 - 57.
A discusion of the migration patterns of the Mesa Verde Anasazi following the evacuation of the major population centers, including their relations to the Hopi villages.
Lekson, Stephen H., 1997, Rewriting Southwestern
Prehistory, Archaeology Magazine, Archaeological
Institute of America, Vol. 50, No 1, January - February, Pp.
52 - 55.
A discusion of Chaco lines of communication, trade, and cross-cultural influences.
Longacre, William A., (editor), Reconstructing
Prehistoric Pueblo Societies, A School of
American Research Book, University of New Mexico Press,
Albuquerque, NM, 193 P.
A discussion of anthropologic and archaeologic techniques, along with scientific postulations on the social organization of the Anasazi and early post-migration periods.
Schwartz, Douglas W., Grand Canyon Prehistory
, Four Corners Geological Society Guidebook, Pp. 35 -
40.
A description of the significance and importance of the Grand Canyon to the various local, indigenous cultures, including the Navajo and the Hopi, as well as resident tribes.
Slifer, Dennis, and James Duffield, 1994, Kokopelli
: Flute Player Images in Rock Art, Ancient City
Press, Santa Fe, NM, 199 P.
Well-illustrated and photographed paperback discussion and guide to Kokopelli, the hump-backed flute player of the Southwest. Covers the history and legends associated with this musician, Lothario, and fertility symbol. Unabashedly describes why so many Kokopellis are drawn with a prominant phallus, or in sexual activity. Includes a Glossary and extensive list of References. An Appendix includes many examples of Kokopelli art, along with a general location description.
Thompson, Ian, 1995, The Search for the Settlements
on the Great Sage Plain, Archaeology Magazine,
Archaeological Institute of America, Vol 48, No. 5, September -
October, Pp. 58 - 61, 63.
An introduction to the work of the Crow Canyon project.
Dollar, Tom, 1993, A Guide To Indian Country
, Arizona Highways, Phoenix, Az., 64 P.
Generally written as a travel guide to northeastern Arizona. Chapter Four focuses more on the Hopi than it does on tourist sites or archaeological ruins.
Houk, Rose, 1994, The Peaks:
Flagstaff, Williams, and Northern Arizona’s High Country, Arizona
Highways, Phoenix, Az., 64 P.
A travel guide with coverage on several archaeological sites around the Flagstaff area and at the Grand Canyon.
Lamb, Susan, 1993, Montezuma Castle,
Southwest Parks and Monuments Association, Tucson, Az., 15 P.
Slim, colorful guide to Montezuma’s Castle NM.
Schroeder, Albert H., and Homer F. Hastings., 1954,
Montezuma Castle, National Park
Service, Washington, DC, 40 P.
1985 reprint of a well-done, thin, but comprehensive 1954 black and white guide from the NPS concerning the National Monument.
Walker, Steven L., 1993, The Southwest
: A Pictorial History Of The Land And Its People,
Canyonlands Publications, Flagstaff, Az., 80 P.
Comprehensive, but brief, coverage of all aspects of the cultures of the Four Corners, from ancient archeology, through the classic cultures, to “Bad Men” of the Anglo era, to Native arts.
Crampton, C. Gregory, 1972, Land of Living Rock
: The The Grand Canyon and the High Plateaus:
Arizona, Utah, Nevada, Alfred A Knopf, NY., 277 P.
A volume devoted primarily to the Grand Canyon, that touches tangentionally on the Navajo, the geology and geography of the Plateau country to the east of the canyon, the Hopi, and on Powell's trip through the countryside east of the canyon.
Miller, Tom, (editor), 1986, Arizona
: The Land And The People, The university of Arizona Press,
Tucson, Az, 298 P.
A compilation of ten independently-written articles on the regions, people, and history of the state of Arizona. Includes chapters on the Colorado Plateau, Arizona's tribes, and the history of the state from the Spanish invasion through the Anglo years. The space devoted to the Navajo and Hopi is relatively small.
Muench, David, (photos) and Donald G. Pike, (text), 1974,
Anasazi: Ancient People of the Rock,
American West Press, Palo Alto, Cal., 192 P.
Volume of excellent photographs of Anasazi ruins, cultural artifacts, and the country of the Four Corners. Includes coverage of the modern Pueblo and Hopi settlements. The final chapter is composed of Black and White photographs by Adam Clark Vroman from the turn of the Century. The text seems secondary, in the presence of such photographic splendor (note that the photographer is given first credit by the publisher), but is informative and well-written. The quality of the book was high enough to get Frank Waters to write the Foreward.
Page, Susanne, and Jake Page, 1982, Hopi
, Abrams, NY, 240 P.
Top-quality, oversized coffee table volume compiled by the Pages. Excellent blend of photography and top-notch writing, compiled with great sensitivity to the Hopi culture and its traditions. Susanne has worked for the Smithsonian Institution, where she has provided the primary material for a major exhibition, and for the National Geographic Society, which has included her work in their magazine. Jake has been an editor for Natural History and Smithsonian Magazine, as well as the defunct Science year. The field project that led to this book was funded at different times by both the Smithsonian and National Geographic Society. This volume represents an excellent blend of photography and original, significant text.
Smithsonian Institution, 1979, The Year of the Hopi
, Paintings and Photographs by Joseph Mora, 1904-
06, The Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC., 88 P.
A volume assembled for sale in connection with a traveling exhibition staged by the Smithsonian from 1979-1981. Consists of three essays on the Hopi, their history, religion and ritual, and Joseph Mora, plus a "catalog" of sepia-tone reproductions of photos taken by Mora, and sketches he made during the early part of the century at the Black Mesa. The author has only seen one copy of this volume. In that copy, the photos were uniformly muddy-looking and underexposed. This is surprising, considering the reputation of the Smithsonian and the normal quality of the publications that they issue. It is assummed that the original photographs are much clearer.
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Click here to go back to the Links to Karen
Strom's Voyage
Click here to follow Kokopelli to his hogan
page at the Table of Contents
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Black Mesa Highlighted in Sunlight on a Stromy Day
Send comments via the moccasin telegraph in messenger Kokopelli's
bag
to
treeves@ionet.net
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Contents, including illustrations, copyright T. K. Reeves, 1997.
This page of Petroglyphs and diggings into the history of
northeastern Arizona was last revised
on 3 January 1999.