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It
started with nothing more than a tree and a length of rope.
Today hanging is a scientific art, developed over the centuries
into
a quick, clean mode of death. Early man meted out vengeance
on his neighbour by hanging - he simply threaded a rope across
a
branch and hoisted his victim, with a noose around his neck,
off the ground. Death usually came about through strangulation.
This kind of primitve 'justice' was still used by lynch mobs
centuries later. The first signs of scientific approach came
during
Anglo-Saxon times when a ladder was used to tandem with a purpose-built
wooden gallows. Now the condemned man was forced
up the ladder which was subsequently 'turned out' so he lost
his footing and fell to his death. However the fall was a short
one. In
some cases the victim's neck would snap like a twig from the
force, but that was rare. As before, death - which was slow
and
painful - usually due to strangulation.
Across the Irish sea there were experiments with the 'long'
drop. Death was instantaneous but sometimes the fall was so
violent
that the head was severed. Cobbler-turned-executioner Thomas
Marwood, who hanged his first victim at Lincoln 1871, imported
the idea of the long drop to England. He cared suffiently about
those he dispatched to wish them a swift death. He found that
a
drop of about eight feet was generally the most successful in
achieving this.
With care, he calculated the precise length of rope needed,
taking into account the weight and height of the felon and the
muscular strength of the neck. He also discovered that a metal
ring, carefully positioned on the noose, was faster, more efficient
route to death than the traditional hangman's knot.
Decades later trainee executioners were taught the scienceof
hanging . A ready reckoner table helped them work out the legth
of
the hemp rope needed for a successful execution. A chalk mark
indicating the exact centre of the trap doors, directly in line
with
the rope, ensured the body did not swing but punged directly
downwards . Including the time it took to apply arm and leg
restraints, a condemned man could enter the execution room and
meet his maker in as eight seconds.
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