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Afro American — Although all human races seemingly at one time or another through history within these various continents — have experienced majority sufferring due to the violent control exhibbited by the select minority — |
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While seeking knowlege of personal Arfican American identity and family Geneology have recognized the complexity of our very existance. Surely I am also acknowledged of the many other unique individuals such as
Mahatma Gandhi who was a major political and spiritual leader of India and the Indian independence movement. He was the pioneer of Satyagraha—a philosophy that is largely concerned with truth and 'resistance to evil through active, non-violent resistance'—which led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. Seeing it essential to remain focussed without dis-respecting races, creeds or cultures exhibitted by others, I often time see my brothers and sisters seemingly unconscious of the fact (myself included) — taking for granite what was so dilagently fought for sometimes to the very death by our ancestors. And So with all due respect of other cultures who have also fought through various techniques their perspective struggles, dedicate this webpage to the Afro American seeking personal improvement through understanding. I am continually stimulated while acknowleging the courage, strengh and perseverance exhibitted by the African American, who from the root continues to uniquely be one of earths multi-racial descendents and participants in creation and discoveries todate, yet seldom recognized. I have with in this webpage vast subject matter intended to serve as a catalyst to those unknowledgable and provide resources to assist the knowledgable in further research. |
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Black America
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Black Panthers
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George W. Carver
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Chistoper Wallace
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Louis Farrakhan
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Malcom X
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Marcus Garvey
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Martin Luther King
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Marshall Thurgood
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Nat Turner
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Tupac Shakur
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Dr. P. E. Bath
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Otis Boykin
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Rober Johnson
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Lewis Latimer
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Jan E. Matzeliger
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Elijah McCoy
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Garret Morgan
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C.J. Walker
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Granville Woods
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Elijah McCoy (1843–1929) invented an oil-dripping cup for trains.
Fast Fact: Other inventors tried to copy McCoy's oil-dripping cup.
But none of the other cups worked as well as his, so customers started asking
for "the real McCoy." That's where the expression comes from.
Otis Boykin (1920–1982) invented the electronic control devices for guided missiles, IBM computers, and the pacemaker. Invented also and improved electrical resistor used in computers - radios - television sets and a variety of electronic devices. Boykin's resistor helped reduce the cost of those products. Otis Boykin also invented a variable resistor used in guided missile parts, a control unit for heart stimulators, a burglar-proof cash register and a chemical air filter. Fast Fact: Boykin invented 28 different electronic devices.
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Marcus Garvey was born in St. Ann's Bay, Jamaica on August 17,1887 and died in London,
England on June 10th, 1940. His childhood was characterized by an adequate elementary education
supplemented by private tutors and Sunday school.
His childhood was deeply rooted in a pleasant environment.
His parents were engaged in small-scale peasant farming.
His father a descendant of the Maroons-Jamaica's ex-slaves,
who successfully defied the slave regime, was also a
skilled tradesman and stonemason.
Marcus Garvey's background further distinguished him from the typical peasant, in that his father
possessed a vast library from which Garvey developed an early taste for reading.
At the age of fourteen, by which time he had already become apprenticed to a local printer,
Garvey left school. Two years after leaving school, he moved to Kingston - Jamaica's capital
city - where he obtained work, as a printer.
When Garvey was eighteen, he had achieved what was later described as an excellent position,
as manager of a large printing establishment. Marcus Garvey was the youngest foreman
printer in Kingston and at a time when foremen were still being imported from Great Britain
and Canada. He later participated in a strike, during which he consented to lead the workers,
which resulted in him losing his job.
After Marcus lost his job with the printing establishment, he obtained new employment
with the Jamaican Government Printery in Kingston. Garvey quickly immersed himself in the
intellectual and political life of the city. In 1909 his political involvement had brought him
into the National Club organized by a lawyer and legislative council member. Garvey was
elected one of the assistant secretaries of the National Club, which sought to combat
privileges and the evils of British colonialism on the island.
In 1910, Garvey went to Costa Rico, where he worked for a while as a Timekeeper on a
United Fruit Company Banana Plantation, and as a laborer on the Pier at Port Limon.
In that same year he was expelled from Costa Rico because he was accused of harassing
the British Consul. This stems from his being vocal concerning rights for the many British
West Indian Laborers working there, and was arrested for urging the workers to fight for
better working conditions.
He arrived back in Jamaica on July 15,1914 with ideas on making a living and founding a
movement for African/Black People. Garvey studied the conditions of the Africans (Negro),
and later became the President and Traveling Commissioner of The Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA) – the organization that he founded.
Marcus Garvey migrated to the United States of America in 1916. He obtained work as a printer,
and saved enough money to start his UNIA Fundraising Campaign throughout the United States.
From 1925 through 1928, he established 725 UNIA Branches in the United States and 271 outside
the United States. The United States Government became alarmed by Mr. Garvey's rising popularity.
He was therefore branded subversive, and a threat to the democratic ideals of the United States.
He was marked for defamation.
The European Governments were also against Mr. Garvey, because he was considered a threat to the
stability of their colonies. British authorities got busy pursuing the policy they had begun in
1919 of banning the UNIA newspaper The Negro World: Prohibiting UNIA officials from entering their
colonies, and generally doing whatever they could to thwart the spread of Garvey's influence.
The Communists were against him, because he successfully kept Black workers out of their grasp.
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and other integrationist organizations
were against him, because he argued that Whites were the true spokesmen for White America and he
in turn speaks for the black masses. He advocated Black separatism.
On January 12,1922, Garvey was arrested for alleged mail fraud. This came as a result of redoubled
efforts on the part of his enemies who presumed his guilt and called for his arrest and deportation.
In 1923, he was convicted on mail fraud charges in connection with stock sales of
The Black Starline Shipping Company. He was imprisoned and later deported from the United States of America.
He was never allowed to visit the USA again.
Race First and Self-reliance Marcus Garvey, unlike his minor rivals in the United States,
built a mass organization that went beyond mere civil rights agitation and protest.
The UNIA was based upon a definite well-thought-out program that Marcus Garvey believed
would lead to the total emancipation of the black race from white domination.
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Born in Baltimore, Maryland on July 2, 1908, Thurgood Marshall was the grandson of a slave.
His father, William Marshall, instilled in him from youth an appreciation for
the United States Constitution and the rule of law.
After completing high school in 1925,
Thurgood followed his brother, William Aubrey Marshall, at the historically black
Lincoln University in Chester County, Pennsylvania.
His classmates at Lincoln included a distinguished group of future Black
leaders such as the poet and author Langston Hughes, the future President
of Ghana, Kwame Nkrumah, and musician Cab Calloway. Just before graduation,
he married his first wife, Vivian "Buster" Burey. Their twenty-five year
marriage ended with her death from cancer in 1955.
In 1930, he applied to the University of Maryland Law School, but was denied admission
because he was Black. This was an event that was to haunt him and direct his
future professional life. Thurgood sought admission and was accepted at the
Howard University Law School that same year and came under the immediate
influence of the dynamic new dean, Charles Hamilton Houston, who instilled
in all of his students the desire to apply the tenets of the Constitution to
all Americans. Paramount in Houston's outlook was the need to overturn the
1898 Supreme Court ruling, Plessy v. Ferguson which established the legal
doctrine called, "separate but equal.
" Marshall's first major court case came in 1933 when he successfully sued
the University of Maryland to admit a young African American Amherst
University graduate named Donald Gaines Murray. Applauding Marshall's victory,
author H.L. Mencken wrote that the decision of denial by the University
of Maryland Law School was "brutal and absurd," and they should not
object to the "presence among them of a self-respecting and ambitious
young Afro-American well prepared for his studies by four
years of hard work in a class A college."
Thurgood Marshall followed his Howard University mentor, Charles Hamilton Houston
to New York and later became Chief Counsel for the National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). During this period, Mr.
Marshall was asked by the United Nations and the United Kingdom to help
draft the constitutions of the emerging African nations of Ghana and what
is now Tanzania. It was felt that the person who so successfully fought
for the rights of America's oppressed minority would be the perfect person
to ensure the rights of the White citizens in these two former European colonies.
After amassing an impressive record of Supreme Court challenges to state-sponsored
discrimination, including the landmark Brown v. Board decision in 1954,
President John F. Kennedy appointed Thurgood Marshall to the U.S. Court of Appeals
for the Second Circuit. In this capacity, he wrote over 150 decisions
including support for the rights of immigrants, limiting government intrusion
in cases involving illegal search and seizure, double jeopardy,
and right to privacy issues.
Biographers Michael Davis and Hunter Clark note that,
"none of his (Marshall's) 98 majority decisions was ever
reversed by the Supreme Court." In 1965 President Lyndon Johnson appointed
Judge Marshall to the office of U.S. Solicitor General. Before his
subsequent nomination to the United States Supreme Court in 1967,
Thurgood Marshall won 14 of the 19 cases he argued before
the Supreme Court on behalf of the government.
Indeed, Thurgood Marshall represented and won more cases
before the United States Supreme Court than any other American.
Until his retirement from the highest court in the land, Justice Marshall
established a record for supporting the voiceless American.
Having honed his skills since the case against the University of Maryland,
he developed a profound sensitivity to injustice by way of the crucible of
racial discrimination in this country. As an Associate Supreme Court Justice,
Thurgood Marshall leaves a legacy that expands that early sensitivity
to include all of America's voiceless. Justice Marshall died on January 24, 1993.
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To the white residents of Southampton County, it came as a surprise that a slave named Nat Turner was
the leader of a slave rebellion that resulted in the deaths of 55 white people. This rebellion,
which Turner believed was directed by God, became one of the most famous slave insurrections in U.S. history.
Nat Turner was born in Southampton County, Virginia on October 2, 1800. As a young boy, Turner
was recognized as being highly intelligent. His keen sense was noticed when he was about three
or four years old. While he was playing with other children, his mother overheard him telling
them about something that had happened before he was born. She asked him details about the incident,
and it confirmed that he knew about this past event. Thereafter, other slaves believed that
in addition to his unique perception, his physical markings were a sign that he would be a prophet.
In adulthood, he became a preacher. As a young man, he began having visions that he believed were from God.
Turner had three visions prior to the rebellion in 1831. His first vision occurred in 1821,
after he had run away. While hiding out in the woods, he was prompted to return after a vision
from the Spirit who directed him to "return to the service of my earthly master." After thirty
days in the woods, he returned to his master.
His second vision came in 1825 after he had seen "lights in the sky." He prayed to find out
what it meant. His prayers were answered when ". . . while laboring in the field, I discovered
drops of blood on the corn, as though it were dew from heaven . . . I then found on the leaves in the
woods hieroglyphic characters and numbers, with the forces of men in different attitudes, portrayed in blood, and representing the figures I had seen before in the heavens."
On May 12, 1828 he had his third vision. He ". . . heard a loud noise in the heavens, and
the Spirit instantly appeared to me and said the Serpent was loosened, and Christ had laid down
the yoke he had borne for the sins of men, and that I should take it on and fight against the Serpent,
for the time was fast approaching when the first should be last and the last should be first. . . .
And by signs in the heavens that it would make known to me when I should commence the great work . . ."
Then in February of 1831, an eclipse of the sun occurred, and Turner believed that this was a
sign to begin planning. He told four other slaves, and they planned the attack for the 4th of July,
but they had to cancel due to Turner being ill.
Plans were postponed until August 20th. On that evening, Turner and six other men met in the woods,
and at 2:00 a.m. they set out for the house of Turner's master. There they killed his master's
entire family and proceeded to go house-to-house, sparing no one. In the process, they had gained
the assistance of 40 slaves who helped kill at least 55 white people.
The rebellion came to an end when Turner and the other slaves were pursued by the militia. During
the pursuit, some slaves were captured, and about 15 were hanged. Turner escaped and hid out for
about six weeks until he was captured, imprisoned, and on November 5, 1831, he was sentenced to execution.
While in prison, he dictated his confession to Thomas R. Gray. On November 11, he was hanged and skinned.
As a result of the insurrection, Virginia debated about ending slavery but decided against it.
Instead, more stringent laws
were imposed upon both free blacks and slaves.
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Christ was not white — Christ was black.
The poor brain washed negro has been made to
believe that Christ was white simply to manipulate them to worship whites.
Malcom Little or Malcolm X was a militant leader of the Nation of Islam,
a Black Muslim organization, in the 1950s and early 1960s.
In contrast to other black religious leaders of that time who espoused pacifism,
he called for achieving equality “by any means necessary.”
Malcolm X created a secular black nationalist group known
as the Organization of Afro-American Unity. Despite threats on his life,
he continued to preach this “new religion” until his assassination in 1965.
1993-2003 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Malcolm X * (1925-1965) Muslim Cult Of Islam
The members fanatically follow the teachings of Allah as interpreted
by Elijah Muhammad, the "true prophet of Allah" entitled titular head of the
Muslim Cult of Islam in the United States, and believe that any civil law
(that) conflicts with the Muslim law should be disobeyed.
The members disavow their alliegence to the United States and pledge their allegiance
only to Allah and do not consider it their duty to register for Selective
Service or to serve in the United States Armed Forces as they cannot serve
two masters.
According to the teachings of Elijah Muhammad and the cult's
ministers, the members of a minority race in the United States are not
citizens of this country but merely slaves of this country and will continue
to be slaves until they free themselves by destroying non-Muslims and
Christianity in the "War of Armaggeddon."
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In much the same fashion that Kurt Cobain defined the alternative rock music scene,
Tupac Shakur defined the hip-hop scene as we know it today. What made Tupac
(also known as 2pac) so special was his enormous talent, his on-screen friendly
looks, and the sense that he was 'real and talked the talk, while walking the walk.
Since his death, there's been a deluge of speculation on who and why, and even if,
but unfortunately still no concrete answers exist for any of these questions.
Born June 16, 1971, Tupac Amaru Shakur, who was named after Tupac Amaru, the
Inca Indian that was sentenced to death by the Spaniards, was originally a
newborn from Brooklyn, New York. He later was transplanted and grew
most of his childhood moving from inner-city town to town.
The son of Black Panther political activists Afeni Shakur and Billy Garland
(who was Tupac's 'deadbeat dad' and recently lost a judgment to be included
in his estate), Tupac was moved from Harlem, Baltimore, and Oakland.
The constant moving caused Tupac to try to fit into his new communities by
joining gangs, and his lengthy rap-sheet was created even before his prolific
entry into music and film, where he was arrested eight times before even turning 20.
Tupac's first big break came when he joined the group Digital Underground as
a dancer and roadie. During that time, Tupac spent much of it composing his
own poetry and lyrics to launch his own career, and in 1991 he signed with
Interscope and a year later released his first album, 2Pacalypse Now, which
immediately landed him into gangsta rap stardom.
Also that year he starred in Juice with Omar Epps and Samuel L. Jackson. It was the beginning a
nd too early of an ending to a bright acting career which he also landed other urban
and African American oriented films such as Poetic Justice (1993), Above the Rim (1994),
Bullet (1996), and Gridlock'd (1996). His main notoriety though was through music,
and he followed up his successful debut with Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z. in 1993, which
also was a crossover pop success. In 1995 he released Me Against the World and his last
living album release came with All Eyez on Me in 1996.
Shakur's post-celebrity run-ins with the law were almost as frequent as when he was
growing up. In 1992 he was arrested when a stray bullet killed a 6 year old child during
a scuffle between Shakur and two others, though later charges against Shakur were dropped.
In 1993 Tupac was arrested for allegedly shooting 2 off-duty Butts County Atlanta police
officers who were harassing a black motorist, but the charges were again dropped. Ironically,
one of the Butts County officers was shot in the ass, and in 1998 Deputy Scott Whitwell
won a $210,000 lawsuit for the incident.
Then, that same year, Tupac was accused of
sexual abuse against a 19 year old woman in a New York City luxury hotel. Shakur's
legal troubles continued in 1994 when he punched out Menace II Society codirector
Allen Hughes and served a 15 day jail sentence for his actions. The sexual charge
came to haunt Shakur in that 1994 as he was convicted and sentenced to 4 1/2 years
in prison, and to add insult to injury, Shakur was shot 5 times and robbed of his
jewelry the same day, a mugging that Shakur later claimed came from the Notorious B.I.G.
was responsible for hiring those who shot him and it intensified the East Coast vs
West Coast gangsta animosity.
After going to serve his sentence, Tupac's Me Against
the World and its hit Dear Moma was released, and later his soon to be new Death Row
Records Label and its CEO Marion "Suge" Knight posted $1.4 million in bail to get
Tupac out of prison. Immediately he flew off to LA to record his fourth album and
in an apparent attempt to further enrage Biggie Smalls, said he had slept with the
rapper's wife, Faith Evans (which she denied). He also dated actress Jada Pinkett
and was briefly married to Keisha Morris, though it ended in annulment.
Tupac added more fuel to the Bad Boy vs. Death Row feud when he released videos 2 of Americaz
Most Wanted (with Snoop) and later Hit `Em Up, both of which assassinated the
character of Bad Boy, Biggie, Sean "Puffy" Combs, Mobb Deep, and others on the label.
He returned to New York in 1996 just three days before he was shot and got
in a fight at the MTV Video Awards.
His troubles in Las Vegas would turn out to be his last, as after attending
a heavyweight boxing match between Mike Tyson and Bruce Seldon, Shakur and Knight
got in a scuffle outside of the MGM Grand Hotel with Orlando Anderson
(who was later murdered himself). Many speculate what happened afterwards
was revenge for what had just happened, as a white Cadillac with four people
inside pulled alongside the car Suge was driving at an intersection and one
person opened fire. Tupac was shot 4 times, Suge escaped with minor injuries.
Six days later, Tupac, in a medical coma, was pronounced dead. His body was later cremated.
What followed Tupac's death were and continue to be a string of lawsuits.
His mother won the rights from Death Row Records to the unreleased music
that Tupac created and it is said there is enough material to do 10 albums.
The lawyers for the late Orlando Anderson sued Tupac for $78,000 while Tupac's
mother Afeni filed a wrongful death suit against Anderson. There was no love
between Afeni and Tupac's record label either, as she not only sued and won
the rights to her son's music, but she claims Death Row failed to pay royalties
due to Tupac and that when he died he only had about $150,000 to his name and sued the
label for over $20 million. The label countered that Tupac owed them $7.1 million
at the time of his death for cars, houses, and jewelry.
In 1997, anti-rap crusader C. Delores Tucker filed a $16.6 million lawsuit against
Tupac after she suffered "great humiliation, mental pain, and suffering" when Shakur
made unkind references to her on his 1996 album All Eyez on Me. Tupac's estate won a
case in 1998 against a woman paralyzed after being shot at a Tupac concert in 1993 where she
alleged that he "whipped the crowd into a hysterical frenzy causing a riot-like atmosphere."
Another '98 case came from a jeweler which Shakur had custom
ordered jewelry from before his death, and after his death R&S Antiques had nobody
to pay for the jewelry, thus prompting a $93,000 lawsuit.
Occupation:Musician, Actor-Date of Birth:June 16, 1971-Date of Death:September 13, 1996
Place of Birth: Brooklyn, N.Y., USA-Place of Death:Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
What artist do you think has been most influenced by Tupac's style?
DMX- Ja Rule- C-Murder
Today there still is mystery as to who was responsible for Tupac's death.
The only witness to the slaying that was originally willing to talk (though became
less willing after being represented by a Death Row lawyer), Yafeu Fula, was found
dead of a gunshot wound Sunday at a New Jersey housing project. There is
quite a bit of internet speculation as to who is responsible.
A 1997 story in Vanity Fair indicated that Tupac was planning to walk away from his violent,
drug-influenced lifestyle and settle down with Quicy Jone's daughter and his fiancée Kidada Jones.
The article went on to say he wanted out from Death Row and just weeks before his
death had contacted Warner Brothers about a deal. Tupac had also started a company
called Euphanasia, which was created to develop movies and help finance centers for
at-risk youth. All of this has led many to believe that Suge was responsible for the killing,
as they speculate his desire to keep Tupac's enormous library of unreleased music
before he could switch record labels.
His mother, however, blames not only Anderson,
but the Las Vegas police, as she told the LA Times "It was clear to me from day one
that the Las Vegas police never had any interest in solving the case of my son's murder."
Some others blamed Biggie Smalls, though the east-coast rapper was gunned down himself
in what many view as retaliation to the Tupac slaying.
As in the Shakur case, no witnesses have wanted to talk.
The final piece of speculation (that we know of anyways),
says that Tupac is still alive, and that he had faked his own death to break
away from the entire gangsta scene for his personal and mental health,
where they also point to the continuation of musical releases from the artist.
Whatever the case, it is clear that the musical and film talents of 2pac will
be greatly missed, and perhaps the only way to get to the bottom of what
happened September 7, 1996 will be a deathbed confession from those involved,
that is if they still are alive.
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Biggie Smalls slain in shooting 03.14.1997 — Rap star Biggie Smalls,
the "Notorious B. I. G.," was shot dead by a drive-by gunman
late Saturday night as he was leaving a star-studded Vibe
Magazine party in Los Angeles.
The 24-year-old rapper, whose given name was Christopher Wallace, was sitting in a
car outside waiting at a traffic light, when the killers pulled up next to him and unleashed
a spray of bullets. Biggie was pronounced dead at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. Police were still
searching for his killers as we went to press. Here's John Norris, in Los Angeles, with a timeline.
JOHN NORRIS: The night began at around 8 p.m. at the Peterson Automotive Museum on
Wilshire Blvd. in Los Angeles at a party hosted by "Vibe" magazine, Qwest Records,
and Tanqueray gin to celebrate Friday night's 11th annual Soul Train Music Awards.
The guest list was a who's who of the hip-hop world, including Busta Rhymes, Heavy D,
Da Brat, Yo-Yo, producer Jermaine Dupree and, of course, Biggie Smalls and the head of his label,
Bad Boy Entertainment, Sean "Puffy" Combs.
According to sources we spoke to, the party really got going around 9:30 or 10:00 p.m.,
and Biggie appeared to be having a great time taking a table near the dance floor and he
was chatting with friends. Indeed, no one in the Bad Boy crew appeared to be concerned about
being in Los Angeles, despite the fact that in the past, East coast rappers have been worried about traveling West.
In fact, the only discernable problem with the party is that it became overcrowded, and
as is often the case in such situations in L.A., the fire marshals were called in and the
party was shut down around 12:35 a.m.
As you can imagine, when the party was suddenly shut down, lots of people began to pour
out of the party, out of the museum, into the garage, to wait for their valet parked cars
including Biggie and Puffy. The stories do become a bit sketchy here, but according to one
source who spoke to "USA Today", they both waited here for their cars and Biggie got in his
GMC Suburban with two other passengers, reportedly Lil Caesar from Jr. MAFIA and his bodyguard,
Damian. They rounded the corner from the garage, and drove right up to the corner of Wilshire
and Fairfax.
As best we can determine, Biggie's car came to a stop at a red light at Wilshire and Fairfax
when another car, possibly a black Jeep according to an L.A. Times source, drove around to the
right side of their car and from it, six to ten shots were then fired from the other vehicle
into the passenger side of Biggie's car. Panic obviously ensued and the Suburban drove straight
to nearby Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, which in good traffic is no more than a five minute drive.
Which means at approximately 1:00 a.m., Biggie Smalls was brought here to Cedars-Sinai hospital,
although it's doubtful how much they could do for him, since at 1:15 a.m. Christopher Wallace,
also known as Notorious B.I.G. was pronounced dead of gunshot wounds. It wasn't long before
distraught fans and friends showed up here to learn the news of Biggie's death.
Meanwhile, back at Peterson's many concerned partygoers went back inside the building fearing
an escalation of violence. Apparently, the L.A.P.D. feared the same. They turned out in force,
some wearing riot gear. And one witness we spoke to called that show of force, way too much.
Sales of Biggie album explode on first day by Marcus Errico Mar 26, 1997, 2:45 PM PT
Not much was small about Christopher Wallace. From his 6-foot, 3-inch, 300-lb. bulk to his rap
handles of Biggie Smalls and the Notorious B.I.G. to his dramatic assassination in an L.A. drive-by,
the man was large. And now from early indications, it looks like his posthumous album Life After Death,
'til Death Do Us Part is going to be huge.
Released Tuesday, the 24-track, double-disc set was supposed to debut at No. 1 even before B.I.G.'s
March 9 murder. After the slaying, hip-hop aficionados and curiosity seekers aren't having any problem
shelling out 20 bucks for the album, which should follow the trend set by Nirvana, Selena and Tupac Shakur,
all of whom topped the charts with posthumous releases.
Based on our purely unscientific first-day sales figures, Death will have a very long shelf life. A
clerk at a Washington, D.C. music store said it was "selling like wild" hours after its release. A
manager at Tower Records on Sunset said the Los Angeles-outlet sold 150 copies during a midnight promotion.
"Death is a commodity, you know," Ramsey Jones, a salesman at the Greenwich Village Tower Records told the
Associated Press. Jones claimed that his store sold 105 albums in an hour. "I have to keep stocking
it every five minutes."
"Death is a commodity, you know?" said Ramsey Jones, a clerk at Tower Records in Greenwich Village,
where he couldn't keep the CD on the shelf. "I have to keep stocking it every five minutes."
At one point, the store sold 105 copies of the double-CD in a single hour, Jones said. Uptown at
HMV Records, fans of the Brooklyn-born rapper were just as anxious for "Life After Death."
"It's flying out of here," said manager George Romero. "... This album was going to be big already.
After this (the shooting), forget it."
Sales of his debut album, "Ready to Die," more than tripled in the week after the rapper's slaying.
"Ready to Die" sold more than 10,000 copies nationwide after the slaying.
Nearly unanimous positive reviews, some teetering on effusive, are certain to help the B.I.G. album's
longevity. "A B.I.G. classic," gushed USA Today. "He may have been rap's ultimate cinematic narrator,"
chirped the Los Angeles Times, which rated Death four out of a possible four stars.
Bullet-riddled door of Suburban in which rapper was killed to be sold
April 28, 1997 BEVERLY HILLS, Calif. (AP) - The bullet-riddled door of the rented
GMC Suburban in which rapper Notorious - B.I.G. was gunned down will be sold to raise money for charity.
Budget Rent A Car Beverly Hills rented the green 1997 Suburban to the Los Angeles production company FM Rocks.
Notorious B.I.G. was sitting in the passenger seat March 9 when he was killed in a drive-by shooting.
The passenger door was the only part of the vehicle that was damaged. "Everybody's telling me the
door must have some value. We'd like to somehow find a way to sell the door to
the highest bidder and then donate the money to charity," Budget co-owner Corky Rice said Monday.
When the rapper's posthumous album "Life After Death" became a national best-seller, it occurred to
Rice and partner Jerry Seimons that they had a rare collectible on their hands.
"So many people say it has value. I'm trying to figure out how to turn this terrible incident into
something good. If you put the money to good use, I don't think it's in bad taste," Rice said.
Rice said the Challenger Boys & Girls Club in South Central Los Angeles would be the beneficiaries
of the money raised. The value of the door wasn't known.
"I guess if I were to auction something like that, I'd put it out there with a very reasonable-
looking estimate, say $3,000 to $4,000," said Michael Schwartz, director of entertainment memorabilia
for the Butterfield & Butterfield action house.
Rice and Seimons are willing to sell the $38,000 Suburban as is with the bullet-pocked door in place,
but they don't believe anyone would be interested.
"We haven't decided when or where to auction the door," Rice said. "We don't want to be tacky. We want
to be in good taste. We don't want to make any profit at all."
Meantime, Death Row Records approached a Nevada resort to offer the bullet-riddled car in which rapper
Tupac Shakur was killed last September in Las Vegas.
"We told them we weren't interested," said Aaron Cohn, spokesman for Primadonna Resorts in Primm, Nev.
The resort paid $250,000 in 1988 for the bullet-riddled car in which Bonnie and Clyde Barrow were killed
in a 1934 shootout.
The Shakur death car isn't the same, Cohen said.
"It's not a piece of American history the way the Bonnie and Clyde car is. But maybe in 20 years," he said
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New York (05/1933 — ) Bronx, New York Prophet/ Minister/ Nation Of Islam |
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"White people are potential humans - they haven't evolved yet." Philadelphia Inquirer, March 2000 "They [the Jews] are the greatest controllers of black minds, black intelligence. They write the scripts - the foolish scripts on television that our people portray.
They are the movie moguls that feature us in these silly, degrading, degenerate roles. "The great recording companies that portray our people in such a filthy and low-rating way, yet they would not allow such a man as Michael Jackson to say one word that they thought would besmirch their reputation, but they put us before the world as clowns and as purveyors of filth. No, I will fight that." Meet The Press interview, October 1998 "The Jews have been so bad at politics they lost half their population in the Holocaust. They thought they could trust in Hitler, and they helped him get the Third Reich on the road." Saviours' Day speech, Chicago, February 1998 "Of course, they [the Jews] have a very small number of people but they are the most powerful in the world, they have the power to do good and they have the power to do evil ... Now what do the Jews do best? Well, they have been the best in finance that the world has ever known ... "They finance a lot of stuff in the world, and there's nothing wrong with that, but they are not good politicians, they are the worst politicians because they don't recognise really their friends and as well their enemies ... " Saviours' Day speech, Chicago, February 1998 "It seems like being gay or whatever sin you wish to be a part of is okay ... but I have the duty to lift that gay person up to the standard to ask if they want to live the life that God wants them to or live the lifestyle that they want to live." Boston speech, August 1997 "I believe that for the small numbers of Jewish people in the United States, they exercise a tremendous amount of influence on the affairs of government ...Yes, they exercise extraordinary control, and black people will never be free in this country until they are free of that kind of control ... " Meet The Press interview, April 1997 "I don't own Hollywood. Who depicted black people? Who writes the books? Who writes the plays, the songs that make us look less than human? Do you mean to tell me that Jews have never done any evil to black people? ... "Were they not involved in the slave trade? Yes, they were ... and to the extent that they were involved, somebody has to bring them to account. And I believe that has fallen on me."
Posted: December 4, 2003 Louis Farrakhan, the leader of the Nation of Islam, lashed out with a vicious attack on Jews in his November 23, 2003 sermon to followers at Mosque Maryam, the NOI headquarters in Chicago. In his two-hour speech, Minister Farrakhan depicted Jews as "masters of Hollywood" who are poisoning American society with "filth and indecency." Farrakhan also accused Jews of tampering with the Bible and promoting moral decay around the world. "There are beautiful members of the Jewish community who are trying their utmost to follow the law and the teachings of Moses and the prophets that God sent to Israel," Mr. Farrakhan intoned. "But there's another Jew who is not really a Jew; he is an imposter posing as a Jew. "In the Bible, in the Book of Revelations, says -- listen, listen, listen, then go check it out for yourself, you have a Bible -- those who say they are Jews and are not, I will make them of the synagogue of Satan. Who are the masters of Hollywood? How could you be a righteous Jew and promote that which is forbidden by the God of Israel? Come on now, how could you be a righteous Jew and publish the filth that is published daily, feeding the minds of the American people and the people of the world filth and indecency, and making it fair seeming in their eyes," Farrakhan said. Farrakhan has long expressed anti-Semitic and anti-white rhetoric which has marked him as a notable figure on the extremist scene. In past remarks, he has expressed hostility toward Jews and repeated the canard about Jews having too much control of government, the entertainment industry and African-Americans. More recently, Farrakhan has made efforts to dampen his charged rhetoric while insisting that he is not an anti-Semite. In an interview with The New York Sun, Abraham H. Foxman, National Director of the Anti-Defamation League, said that mainstream Jewish groups had not been convinced by Farrakhan's efforts to mend fences with the Jewish community, and that his most recent remarks show that Farrakhan has returned to his anti-Semitism. "For a while, Mr. Farrakhan contained his anti-Semitism and tried to restrain himself," Mr. Foxman told the Sun. "When now anti-Semitism is so upfront over the world -- from the Prime Minister of Malaysia, to the composer of Zorba to the bin Ladens and those who speak in his name -- I guess Mr. Farrakhan no longer feels the need to be restrained."
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Martin Luther King, Jr. (January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968), was one of the pivotal leaders of the American civil rights movement.
King was a Baptist minister, one of the few leadership roles available to black
men at the time.
His efforts led to the 1963 March on Washington, where King delivered his “I Have a Dream” speech. Here he raised public consciousness of the civil rights movement and established himself as one of the greatest orators in U.S. history. In 1964, King became the youngest person to receive the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to end segregation and racial discrimination through civil disobedience and other non-violent means. King was assassinated on April 4, 1968, in Memphis, Tennessee. He was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Jimmy Carter in 1977. Martin Luther King Day was established as a national holiday in the United States in 1986. In 2004, King was posthumously awarded a Congressional Gold Medal. Martin Luther King, Jr., (January 15, 1929-April 4, 1968) was born Michael Luther King, Jr., but later had his name changed to Martin. His grandfather began the family's long tenure as pastors of the Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, serving from 1914 to 1931; his father has served from then until the present, and from 1960 until his death Martin Luther acted as co-pastor. Martin Luther attended segregated public schools in Georgia, graduating from high school at the age of fifteen; he received the B. A. degree in 1948 from Morehouse College, a distinguished Negro institution of Atlanta from which both his father and grandfather had graduated. After three years of theological study at Crozer Theological Seminary in Pennsylvania where he was elected president of a predominantly white senior class, he was awarded the B.D. in 1951. With a fellowship won at Crozer, he enrolled in graduate studies at Boston University, completing his residence for the doctorate in 1953 and receiving the degree in 1955. In Boston he met and married Coretta Scott, a young woman of uncommon intellectual and artistic attainments. Two sons and two daughters were born into the family. In 1954, Martin Luther King accepted the pastorale of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama. Always a strong worker for civil rights for members of his race, King was, by this time, a member of the executive committee of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the leading organization of its kind in the nation. He was ready, then, early in December, 1955, to accept the leadership of the first great Negro nonviolent demonstration of contemporary times in the United States, the bus boycott described by Gunnar Jahn in his presentation speech in honor of the laureate. The boycott lasted 382 days. On December 21, 1956, after the Supreme Court of the United States had declared unconstitutional the laws requiring segregation on buses, Negroes and whites rode the buses as equals. During these days of boycott, King was arrested, his home was bombed, he was subjected to personal abuse, but at the same time he emerged as a Negro leader of the first rank. In 1957 he was elected president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, an organization formed to provide new leadership for the now burgeoning civil rights movement. The ideals for this organization he took from Christianity; its operational techniques from Gandhi. In the eleven-year period between 1957 and 1968, King traveled over six million miles and spoke over twenty-five hundred times, appearing wherever there was injustice, protest, and action; and meanwhile he wrote five books as well as numerous articles. In these years, he led a massive protest in Birmingham, Alabama, that caught the attention of the entire world, providing what he called a coalition of conscience. and inspiring his "Letter from a Birmingham Jail", a manifesto of the Negro revolution; he planned the drives in Alabama for the registration of Negroes as voters; he directed the peaceful march on Washington, D.C., of 250,000 people to whom he delivered his address, "l Have a Dream", he conferred with President John F. Kennedy and campaigned for President Lyndon B. Johnson; he was arrested upwards of twenty times and assaulted at least four times; he was awarded five honorary degrees; was named Man of the Year by Time magazine in 1963; and became not only the symbolic leader of American blacks but also a world figure. At the age of thirty-five, Martin Luther King, Jr., was the youngest man to have received the Nobel Peace Prize. When notified of his selection, he announced that he would turn over the prize money of $54,123 to the furtherance of the civil rights movement. On the evening of April 4, 1968, while standing on the balcony of his motel room in Memphis, Tennessee, where he was to lead a protest march in sympathy with striking garbage workers of that city, he was assassinated. King had a mutually antagonistic relationship with the FBI, especially its director, J. Edgar Hoover. Under written directives from Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy (at Hoover's initiation), the FBI began tracking King and the SCLC in 1961. Its investigations were largely superficial until 1962, when it learned that one of King's most trusted advisers was New York City lawyer Stanley Levison. The FBI found that Levison had been involved with the Communist Party USA. Another key King lieutenant, Hunter Pitts O'Dell, was also linked to the Communist Party by sworn testimony before the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC). The Bureau placed wiretaps on Levison's and King's home and office phones, and bugged King's rooms in hotels as he traveled across the country. The Bureau also informed Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy and President John F. Kennedy, both of whom unsuccessfully tried to persuade King to dissociate himself from Levison. For his part, King adamantly denied having any connections to Communism, stating in a 1965 Playboy interview (47) that "there are as many Communists in this freedom movement as there are Eskimos in Florida"; to which Hoover responded by calling King "the most notorious liar in the country."
The attempt to prove that King was a Communist was in keeping with the feeling of many segregationists that blacks in the South were happy with their lot but had been stirred up by "communists" and "outside agitators." Lawyer-advisor Stanley D. Levison did have ties with the Communist Party in various business dealings, but the FBI refused to believe its own intelligence bureau reports that Levison was no longer associated in that capacity. Movement leaders countered that voter disenfranchisement, lack of education and employment opportunities, discrimination and vigilante violence were the reasons for the strength of the Civil Rights Movement, and that blacks had the intelligence and motivation to organize on their own. Later, the focus of the Bureau's investigations shifted to attempting to discredit King through revelations regarding his private life. FBI surveillance of King, some of it since made public, attempted to demonstrate that he also engaged in numerous extramarital affairs. However, much of what was recorded was, as quoted by his attorney, speech-writer and close friend Clarence B. Jones, "midnight" talk or just two close friends joking around about women. Further remarks on King's lifestyle were made by several prominent officials, such as President Johnson who notoriously said that King was a “hypocrite preacher”. In 1989, Ralph Abernathy, a close associate of King's in the civil right movement, stated in his book about the movement that King was a womanizer. The book was titled And The Walls Came Tumbling Down, and was published by Harper & Row. The book was reviewed in The New York Times on October 29, 1989. Allegations of King's sexual conduct were discussed in that review, where Abernathy said that he only wrote the term womanizing, and did not specifically say King had extramarital sex. Also, evidence indicating that King possibly engaged in sexual affairs is detailed by history professor David Garrow in his book Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, published in 1986 by William Morrow & Company. It was not proven whether he agreed to have sex with a woman the night before his assassination. The FBI distributed reports regarding such affairs to the executive branch, friendly reporters, potential coalition partners and funding sources of the SCLC, and King's family. The Bureau also sent anonymous letters to King threatening to reveal information if he did not cease his civil rights work. One anonymous letter sent to King just before he received the Nobel Peace Prize read, in part, "…The American public, the church organizations that have been helping—Protestants, Catholics and Jews will know you for what you are—an evil beast. So will others who have backed you. You are done. King, there, is only one thing left for you to do. You know what it is. You have just 34 days in which to do (this exact number has been selected for a specific reason, it has definite practical significance). You are done. There is but one way out for you. You better take it before your filthy fraudulent self is bared to the nation."[50] This statement is often interpreted as inviting King's suicide,[51] though William Sullivan argued that it may have only been intended to "convince King to resign from the SCLC."[52] Finally, the Bureau's investigation shifted away from King's personal life to intelligence and counterintelligence work on the direction of the SCLC and the Black Power movement. In January 31, 1977, in the cases of Bernard S. Lee v. Clarence M. Kelley, et al. and Southern Christian Leadership Conference v. Clarence M. Kelley, et al. United States District Judge John Lewis Smith, Jr., ordered all known copies of the recorded audiotapes and written transcripts resulting from the FBI's electronic surveillance of King between 1963 and 1968 to be held in the National Archives and sealed from public access until 2027. Across from the Lorraine Motel, next to the rooming house in which James Earl Ray was staying, was a vacant fire station. The FBI was assigned to observe King during the appearance he was planning to make on the Lorraine Motel second-floor balcony later that day, and utilized the fire station as a makeshift base. Using papered-over windows with peepholes cut into them, the agents watched over the scene until Martin Luther King was shot. Immediately following the shooting, all six agents rushed out of the station and were the first people to administer first-aid to King. Their presence nearby has led to speculation that the FBI was involved in the assassination.
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Gentlemen — I greet you here on the bank of the James River in the year of our Lord, one thousand seven hundred and twelve. First I shall thank you, the Gentlemen of the Colony of Virginia, for bringing me here. I am here to help you solve some of your problems with slaves. Your invitation reached me on my modest plantation in the West Indies where I have experimented with some of the newest and still the oldest methods for control of slaves. Ancient Rome would envy us if my program is implemented. As our boat sailed south on the James River, named for our illustrious King James, whose bible we cherish, I saw enough to know that your program is not unique. While Rome used cords of wood as crosses for standing human bodies along the old highways in great numbers, you are here using the tree and the rope on occasion. I caught the whiff of a dead slave hanging from a tree a couple of miles back. You are not only losing valuable stock by hangings, you are having uprisings, slaves are running away, your crops are sometimes left in the fields too long for maximum profit, you suffer occasional fires, your animals are killed, gentlemen...you know what your problems are; I do not need to elaborate.
I am not here to enumerate your problems, I am here to introduce you to a method of solving them.
I have outlined a number of differences among the slaves, and I take these differences and make them bigger. I use fear, distrust, and envy for control purposes. These methods have worked on my modest plantation in the West Indies, and it will work throughout the South. Take this simple little test of differences and think about them. On the top of my list is "Age", but it is there because it only starts with an "A"; the second is "Color" or shade; there is intelligence, size, sex, size of plantations, attitude of owners, whether the slaves live in the valley, on a hill, East, West, North, South, have fine or coarse hair, or is tall or short. Now that you have a list of differences, I shall give you an outline of action--but before that, I shall assure you that distrust is stronger than trust, and envy is stronger than adulation, respect, or admiration. The Black Slave, after receiving this indoctrination, shall carry on and will become self refueling and self generating for hundreds of years, maybe thousands. Don't forget, you must pitch the old Black vs. the young Black male, and the young Black male against the old Black male. You must use the dark skinned slaves vs the light skinned slaves, and the light skinned slaves vs. the dark skinned slaves. You must use the female vs. the male, and the male vs. the female. You must also have your servants and overseers distrust all Blacks, but it is necessary that your slaves trust and depend on us. They must love, respect, and trust only us. Gentlemen, these kits are your keys to control, use them. Have your wives and children use them. Never miss opportunity. My plan is guaranteed, and the good thing about this plan is that if used intensely for one year, the slaves themselves will remain perpetually distrustful. Take this simple little list of differences and think about them. On top of my list is “Age,” but it’s there only because it starts with an “A” The second is “Color” or Shade. There is Intelligence, Size, Sex, Sizes Of Plantations, Status on plantations, Attitude of Owners, whether the slaves live in the Valley, on a Hill, East, West, North, South, have fine Hair, Course hair, or is Tall or Short. Now that you have a list of differences, I shall give you an outline of action, but before that, I shall assure you that Distrust Is Stronger Than Trust And Emvy Strpmger Than Adulation, Respect Or Admiration. The Black slaves after receiving this indoctrination shall carry on and will become self-refueling and self-generating for HUNDREDS of years, maybe Thousands. Don’t forget, you must pitch the Old black male vs. the Young black male, and the Young black male against the Old black male. You must use the Dark skin slaves vs. the Light skin slaves, and the Light skin slaves vs. the Dark skin slaves. You must use the Female vs. the Male, and the Male vs. the Female. You must also have white servants and overseers (who) distrust all Blacks. But it is Neccesary That Your Slaves Trust And Defend On Us. They Must Love, Respect And Trust Only Us. Gentlemen, these kits are your keys to control. Use them. Have your wives and children use them, never miss an opportunity. If Used Intensely For One Year, The Slaves Themselves Will Remain Perpetually Distrustful.
” Let’s Make A Slave
They watched therefore with skilled and practiced eyes, and learned to read with great accuracy, the state of mind and heart of the slave, through his sable face. Unusual sobriety, apparent abstractions, sullenness and indifference indeed, any mood out of the common was afforded ground for suspicion and inquiry. Frederick Douglas Let’s Make A Slave is a study of the scientific process of man-breaking and slave-making.
It describes the rationale and results of the Anglo Saxons’ ideas and methods of
insuring the master/slave relationship. Let’s Make A Slave “The Original and
Development of a Social Being Called ‘The Negro.’” Let us make a slave.
What we do with horses is that we break them from one form of life to another; that is, we reduce them from their natural state in nature. Whereas nature provides them with the natural capacity to take care of their offspring, we break that natural string of independence from them and thereby create a dependency status, so that we may be able to get from them useful production for our business and pleasure. Cardinal Principles For Making A Negro — For fear that our future generations may not understand the principles of breaking both of the beast together, the nigger and the horse. We understand that short range planning economics results in periodic economic chaos; so that to avoid turmoil in the economy, it requires us to have breadth and depth in long range comprehensive planning, articulating both skill sharp perceptions. We lay down the following principles for long range comprehensive economic planning. Both horse and niggers [are] no good to the economy in the wild or natural state. Both must be BROKEN and TIED together for orderly production. For orderly future, special and particular attention must be paid to the Female and the Youngest offspring. Both Must Be Crossbred to produce a variety and division of labor. Both must be taught to respond to a peculiar new Language. Psychological and physical instruction of Containment must be created for both. We hold the six cardinal principles as truth to be self-evident, based upon following the discourse concerning the economics of breaking and tying the horse and the nigger together, all inclusive of the six principles laid down above. NOTE: Neither principle alone will suffice for good economics. All principles must be employed for orderly good of the nation. Accordingly, both a wild horse and a wild or natur[al] nigger is dangerous even if captured, for they will have the tendency to seek their customary freedom and, in doing so, might kill you in your sleep. You cannot rest. They sleep while you are awake, and are awake while you are asleep. They are Dangerous near the family house and it requires too much labor to watch them away from the house. Above all, you cannot get them to work in this natural state. Hence, both the horse and the nigger must be broken; that is breaking them from one form of mental life to another. Keep The Body, Take The Mind! In other words, break the will to resist. Now the breaking process is the same for both the horse and the nigger, only slightly varying in degrees. But, as we said before, there is an art in long range economic planning. You Must Keep Your Eye And Thoughts On The Female and the Offspring of the Horse and the Nigger. A brief discourse in offspring development will shed light on the key to sound economic principles. Pay little attention to the generation of original breaking, but Concentrate On Future Generation. Therefore, if you break the FEMALE mother, she will Break the offspring in its early years of development; and when the offspring is old enough to work, she will deliver it up to you, for her normal female protective tendencies will have been lost in the original breaking process. For example, take the case of the wild stud horse, a female horse and an already infant horse and compare the breaking process with two captured nigger males in their natural state, a pregnant nigger woman with her infant offspring. Take the stud horse, break him for limited containment. Completely break the female horse until she becomes very gentle, whereas you or anybody can ride her in her comfort. Breed the mare and the stud until you have the desired offspring. Then, you can turn the stud to freedom until you need him again. Train the female horse whereby she will eat out of your hand, and she will in turn train the infant horse to eat out of your hand, also. When it comes to breaking the uncivilized nigger, use the same process, but vary the degree and step up the pressure, so as to do a complete reversal of the mind. Take the meanest and most restless nigger, strip him of his clothes in front of the remaining male niggers, the female, and the nigger infant, tar and feather him, tie each leg to a different horse faced in opposite directions, set him afire and beat both horses to pull him apart in front of the remaining niggers. The next step is to take a bullwhip and beat the remaining nigger males to the point of death, in front of the female and the infant. Don’t kill him, but Put The Fear Of God In Him, for he can be useful for future breeding. The Breaking Process Of The African Woman Take the female and run a series of tests on her to see if she will submit to your desires willingly. Test her in every way, because she is the most important factor for good economics. If she shows any sign of resistance in submitting completely to your will, do not hesitate to use the bullwhip on her to extract that last bit of (B----) out of her. Take care not to kill her, for in doing so, you spoil good economics. When in complete submission, she will train her offsprings in the early years to submit to labor when they become of age. Understanding is the best thing. Therefore, we shall go deeper into this area of the subject matter concerning what we have produced here in this breaking process of the female nigger. We have reversed the relationship; in her natural uncivilized state, she would have a strong dependency on the uncivilized nigger male, and she would have a limited protective tendency toward her independent male offspring and would raise male offsprings to be dependent like her. Nature had provided for this type of balance. We reversed nature by burning and pulling a civilized nigger apart and bullwhipping the other to the point of death, all in her presence. By her being left alone, unprotected, with the Male Image Destroyed, the ordeal caused her to move from her psychologically dependent state to a frozen, independent state. In this frozen, psychological state of independence, she will raise her Male and female offspring in reversed roles. For Fear of the young male’s life, she will psychologically train him to be Mentally Weak and Dependent, but Physically Strong. Because she has become psychologically independent, she will train her Female offsprings to be psychologically independent. What have you got? You’ve got the nigger Woman Out Front And The Nigger Man Behind And Scared. This is a perfect situation of sound sleep and economics. Before the breaking process, we had to be alertly on guard at all times. Now, we can sleep soundly, for out of frozen fear his woman stands guard for us. He cannot get past her early slave-molding process. He is a good tool, now ready to be tied to the horse at a tender age. By the time a nigger boy reaches the age of sixteen, he is soundly broken in and ready for a long life of sound and efficient work and the reproduction of a unit of good labor force. Continually through the breaking of uncivilized savage niggers, by throwing the nigger female savage into a frozen psychological state of independence, by killing the protective male image, and by creating a submissive dependent mind of the nigger male slave, we have created an orbiting cycle that turns on its own axis forever, unless a phenomenon occurs and re-shifts the position of the male and female slaves. We show what we mean by example.
Take the case of the two economic slave units and examine them close.
The one with the nigger male offspring, she being frozen subconscious fear for his life, will raise him to be mentally dependent and weak, but physically strong; in other words, body over mind. Now, in a few years when these two offsprings become fertile for early reproduction, we will mate and breed them and continue the cycle. That is good, sound and long range comprehensive planning.
Warning: Possible Interloping Negatives
Furthermore, we talked about paying particular attention to the female savage and her offspring for orderly future planning, then more recently we stated that, by reversing the positions of the male and female savages, we created an orbiting cycle that turns on its own axis forever unless a phenomenon occurred and reshifts positions of the male and female savages. Our experts warned us about the possibility of this phenomenon occurring, for they say that the mind has a strong drive to correct and re-correct itself over a period of time if it can touch some substantial original historical base; and they advised us that the best way to deal with the phenomenon is to shave off the brute’s mental history and create a multiplicity of phenomena of illusions, so that each illusion will twirl in its own orbit, something similar to floating balls in a vacuum. This creation of multiplicity of phenomena of illusions entails the principle of crossbreeding the nigger and the horse as we stated above, the purpose of which is to create a diversified division of labor; thereby creating different levels of labor and different values of illusion at each connecting level of labor. The results of which is the severance of the points of original beginnings for each sphere illusion. Since we feel that the subject matter may get more complicated as we proceed in laying down our economic plan concerning the purpose, reason and effect of crossbreeding horses and niggers, we shall lay down the following definition terms for future generations. Orbiting cycle means a thing turning in a given path. Axis means upon which or around which a body turns. Phenomenon means something beyond ordinary conception and inspires awe and wonder. Multiplicity means a great number. Means a globe. Crossbreeding a horse means taking a horse and breeding it with an ass and you get a dumb, backward, ass long-headed mule that is not reproductive nor productive by itself. Crossbreeding niggers mean taking so many drops of good white blood and putting them into as many nigger women as possible, varying the drops by the various tone that you want, and then letting them breed with each other until another circle of color appears as you desire. What this means is this: Put the niggers and the horse in a breeding pot, mix some asses and some good white blood and what do you get? You got a multiplicity of colors of ass backward, unusual niggers, running, tied to backward ass long-headed mules, the one productive of itself, the other sterile. (The one constant, the other dying, we keep the nigger constant for we may replace the mules for another tool) both mule and nigger tied to each other, neither knowing where the other came from and neither productive for itself, nor without each other.
Controlled Language
You know language is a peculiar institution. It leads to the heart of a people. The more a foreigner knows about the language of another country the more he is able to move through all levels of that society. Therefore, if the foreigner is an enemy of the country, to the extent that he knows the body of the language, to that extent is the country vulnerable to attack or invasion of a foreign culture. For example, if you take a slave, if you teach him all about your language, he will know all your secrets, and he is then no more a slave, for you can’t fool him any longer, and Being A Fool Is One Of The Basic Ingredients Of Any Incidents To The Maintenance Of The Slavery System. For example, if you told a slave that he must perform in getting out “our crops” and he knows the language well, he would know that “our crops” didn’t mean “our crops” and the slavery system would break down, for he would relate on the basis of what “our crops” really meant. So you have to be careful in setting up the new language; for the slaves would soon be in your house, talking to you as “man to man” and that is death to our economic system. In addition, the definitions of words or terms are only a minute part of the process. Values are created and transported by communication through the body of the language. A total society has many interconnected value systems. All the values in the society have bridges of language to connect them for orderly working in the society. But for these language bridges, these many value systems would sharply clash and cause internal strife or civil war, the degree of the conflict being determined by the magnitude of the issues or relative opposing strength in whatever form. For example, if you put a slave in a hog pen and train him to live there and incorporate in him to value it as a way of life completely, the biggest problem you would have out of him is that he would worry you about provisions to keep the hog pen clean, or the same hog pen and make a slip and incorporate something in his language whereby he comes to value a house more than he does his hog pen, you got a problem. He will soon be in your house. Additional Note: “Henty Berry, speaking in the Virginia House of Delegates in 1832, described the situation as it existed in many parts of the South at this time: “We have, as far as possible, closed every avenue by which light may enter their (the slaves) minds. If we could extinguish the capacity to see the light, our work would be complete; they would then be on a level with the beasts of the field and we should be safe. I am not certain that we would not do it, if we could find out the process and that on the plea of necessity.
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The Black Panther Party (BPP) was formed in this country in 1966 as an organization of Black and poor persons embracing a common ideology, identified by its proponents as "revolutionary intercommunalism.10 Since its inception, the Party has been subject to a variety of actions by agencies and officers of the federal government intended to destroy it politically and financially. It is the major contention of this dissertation that this official effort to destroy the BPP was undertaken precisely because of the Party's political ideology, and potential for organizing a sizeable group of the country's population that has been historically denied equal opportunity in employment, education, housing, and other recognized basic needs. A corollary to this theory is that governmental efforts at destruction of the Party, successful in varying degrees, were only thwarted or held in abeyance when they reached their logical consequence: destruction of the right of dissent for all groups, a right indispensable to the functioning of a democratic society. The method employed to substantiate this theory is an examination of numerous measures undertaken by the government to, in the words of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), "expose, disrupt, misdirect, discredit or otherwise neutralize" the BPP.11 For the most part, records and documents of relevant government agencies initiating and participating in this campaign of destruction against the BPP provide the evidentiary basis for the dissertation. These records and documents, many revealed herein publicly for the first time, have been discovered in litigation between the BPP and government agencies, as well as through congressional investigations, scholarly studies, and media reports. In addition, firsthand knowledge of the author as a witness or participant to certain events, interviews with persons knowledgeable about relevant matters, and secondary sources of information (e.g., other studies and news reports) are used and identified. Most of the evidence of government efforts to destroy the Party focuses on the FBI because it was the major known offender in terms of intensity and severity of actions, but brief sections on the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) are also included. A practical application of the Party's view toward Black capitalism and the use of legal means of reform occurred in Oakland, California, in 1971. A group of small Black-owned retail liquor stores and taverns asked the BPP for support in a boycott against Mayfair Supermarkets because Mayfair purchased alcoholic beverages from companies that excluded Black truck drivers. The BPP joined in the boycott, and within a period of days, Mayfair ended its discriminatory practices.
The Party then asked the group of Black businessmen who had solicited Party help to
make a nominal continuing contribution to one or more survival programs.
We will not go away. . . Why should the Black community nourish a Black profiteer
who has no concern for his brother?
The party was one of the first organizations in U.S. history to militantly struggle for ethnic minority and working class emancipation — a party whose agenda was the revolutionary establishment of real economic, social, and political equality across gender and color lines. U.S. Police Terror and Repression On April 6, 1968, in West Oakland, Bobby Hutton, 17 years old, is shot dead by Oakland police. In a 90 minute gun battle, an unarmed Bobby Hutton is shot ten times dead, after his house is set ablaze and he is forced to run out into a fire of bullets. Just two days earlier, Martin Luther King is assasinated, after he had begun rethinking his own doctrines of non-violence, and started to build ties with radical unions. Two months later on the day of Bobby's death, Robert Kennedy, widely recognised in the minority commmunity as one of the only politicians in the US "sympathetic" to the civil rights movement, is also assasinated. In January, 1969, The first Panther's Free Breakfast for School Children Program is initiated at St. Augustine's Church in Oakland. By the end of the year, the Panthers set up kitchens in cities across the nation, feeding over 10,000 children every day before they went to school. > > The Black Panther: To Feed Our Children A few months later, J. Edgar Hoover publicly states that the Panthers are the "greatest threat to the internal security of the country". In Chicago, the outstanding leader of the Panthers local, Fred Hampton, leads five different breakfast programs on the West Side, helps create a free medical center, and initiates a door to door program of health services which test for sickle cell anemia, and encourage blood drives for the Cook County Hospital. The Chicago party also begins reaching out to local gangs to clean up their acts, get them away from crime and bring them into the class war. The Parties efforts meet wide success, and Hampton's audiences and organised contingent grow by the day. On December 4th, at 4:00 a.m. in the morning, thanks to information from an FBI informant , Chicago police raid the Panthers' Chicago apartment, murdering Fred Hampton while he sleeps in bed. He is shot twice in the head, once in the arm and shoulder; while three other people sleeping in the same bed escape unharmed. Mark Clark, sleeping in the living room chair, is also murdered while asleep. Hampton's wife, carrying child for 8 months, is also shot, but survives. Four panthers sleeping in the apartment are wounded, while one other escapes injury. Fred Hampton was 21 years old when he was executed, Mark was 17 years old. According to the findings of the federal grand jury, Ninety bullets were fired inside the apartment. 1 came from a Panther — Mark — who slept with a shotgun in his hand. All surviving Panther members were arrested for "attempted murder of the police and aggravated assault". Not a single cop spent a moment in jail for the executions.
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