CROP SCIENCE 1
2nd Written Examinations
2nd Semester 2000-01
14 March 2001

I. Identification (2 points each)

  1. Any living organism that contributes to losses in crop production.
  2. Art and science of improving the genetic make-up of plants with the purpose of getting desirable recombinants that would suit the environment to which they will be grown for efficient productivity.
  3. Living organism which posses 6 legs, one or two pairs or wings, and one pair of antennae.
  4. Pollen dehisced before stigma becomes receptive.
  5. Male and female flowers seperated but borne on the same plant; self pollination and cross-pollination are possible.
  6. Pierces the plant tissue and feed on the plant sap.
  7. Refers to the development stage of the crop when it has developed the ability to ripen normally after harvest.
  8. An insect that inflicts direct damage on the crop plants.
  9. Literally, a pert that has a backbone. This term is generally applied on rodents, birds, monkeys, bats, etc.
  10. (syn. Carrier), primarily used to describe the participation of insects in the spread of pathogens.
  11. Any undesirable plant growing in agricultural field.
  12. Refers to the stage of development of the plant parts preferred by the consumer. It is the basis for deciding when to harvest for an intended use.
  13. Plants with long narrow leaves and parallel veins arranged in two rows along the stem and round, hollow stems.
  14. Sedges are similar to grasses but the leaves are aligned up and down the stem in 3 rows and the stems are solid and triangular.
  15. Is a physical or physiological condition of a viable seed that prevents germination even in the presence of otherwise favorable germination condition.
  16. A collection of all the available seeds of a given crop species of both locl and foreign sources.
  17. The external manifestation of a disease.
  18. Is a mature fertilized ovule that possesses an embryonic plant, stored food material and  protective coat.
  19. Evidence of the presence of pathogens.
  20. Serious outbreak of a disease.
  21. Transfer of a pollen from an anther to the stigma.
  22. Unicellular plant that are also parasitic on crop plants.
  23. Is the first operation in the postharvest life of a crop.
  24. Organisms that consist of a DNA strand inside a protein coat. Many are transmitted (vectored) by insects.
  25. Male and female flowers seperated but borne on the same plant; self and cross-pollination are possible.

II. True or False (2 points each)

  1. Chewing insects are insects that feed on the plant by removing pieces of plant tissues.
  2. Emasculation is the killing or removal of the male part of stamens of the flower to prevent self pollination; to develop female parent.
  3. Chasmogamous means pollination occurs after flower opening, cross pollination possible.
  4. Dichogamous means male and female parts differ in maturity, more of cross pollination.
  5. Nematodes are tiny (microscopic) worms that feed on plant roots.
  6. Protogyny means stigma receptive before pollen is dehisced; female flowers mature earlier than males.
  7. Fungi are tiny multicellular plants that parasitize crop plants.
  8. Dioecious means male and female flowers borne on seperate plants, only cross-pollination is possible.
  9. Self-incompatibility means that male and female flowers are present but cannot pollinate each other.
  10. The leaves of broadleaf weeds are usually wider that those grasses and sedges. Secondary vein network emerge from the primary vein in the leaf.

III. Enumeration (2 points each)

  1. The three emasculation techniques.
  2. The four basis for conducting plant breeding trials.
  3. The three criteria of essentiality of an element (fertilizer).
  4. Five methods of fertilizer application when there is already a standing crop.

BONUS: (10 points)
    Enumerate the four requirements in order to produce quality compost.