DRUG REPORT

Name Albuterol (Ventolin, Proventil)

Class Sympathomimetic, bronchodilator

Description Beta 2 -selective sympathomimetic Relaxes smooth muscle of the bronchial tree and peripheral vasculature.

Onset 5-15 minutes after inhalation

Duration 3-4 hours after inhalation

Indications Relief of bronchospasm. Prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm

Contraindications Prior hypersensitivity reaction to albuterol Cardiac dyshythmias associated with tachycardia.

Adverse Reactions Albuterol - Usually dose related, restlessness, apprehension, dizziness, palpitations, increase in BP, dysrhythmisa, increased hypoxemia

Drug Interactions As with all sympathomimetics, may exacerbate adverse cardiovascular effects. Antidepressants may potentiate the effects on the vasculature. Beta-blockers may antagonize albuterol. Albuterol may potentiate diuretic-induced hypokalemia.

Supplied MDI: 90 mcg/metered spray (17g /200 inhalations) Solutions for aerosolization: 0.5% (5mg/ml)

Dose/Administration Adult: 2.5 mg (0.5 ml of 0.5% solution) diluted to 3 ml with 0.9% saline solution. Administer of 5-15 minutes by nebulizer. Child: In infants < 1 year : 0.15 cc in 3 cc of saline In children older than 1 and less than 12: 0.25 cc in 3 cc of saline In children over 12: 0.25-0.5 cc in 3 cc saline. Amount varies depending on size and severity of symptoms.

Special Considerations Albuterol is not FDA approved for children under 12 years of age. May precipitate angina pectoris and dysthythmias. Abluterol should be used with caution in patients with diabetes, hyperthyroidism, prostatic hypertrophy or seizure disorder. Albuterol should be administerd only by nebulizer in the field.

Side effects Always treat patient with oxygen, EKG monitor and IV line prior to administration. Patient may exhibit nervousness, tachycardia, tremor, nausea, hypertension, palpitations, vomiting and/or bad taste from albuterol. Always obtain an accurate history regarding patient's own use of beta-adrenergic medications. Clear instructions must be given to the patient prior to use of inhaler.