INTERNET TUTORIAL 1 TEST NOTES

• Using the Internet, you can read online versions of academic journals, participate in games and simulations, and obtain free computer software.
• LANs are commonly used to connect computers that are located close together.
• A server can be a powerful PC, a minicomputer, or a mainframe computer.
• A mainframe or a minicomputer is a large, expensive computer that businesses and other organizations use to process large volumes of work at high speeds.
• Twisted-pair cable has two or more insulated copper wires wrapped around each other and enclosed in another layer of plastic insulation.
• Fiber-optic cable is lighter and more durable than coaxial cable, but it is harder to work with and much more expensive.
• Fiber-optic cable transmits signals much faster than twisted-pair or coaxial cable.
• The word Internet is an abbreviation of interconnected network.
• Most early WANs used leased telephone company lines for their connections.
• The early models for networked computers were the telephone companies.
• The original purpose of the ARPANET was to connect computers in the field that were controlling a wide range of diverse weapons systems.
• TCP includes rules that computers on a network use to establish and break connections.
• IP includes rules for routing individual data packets.
• The TCP/IP suite included two tools for transferring files and accessing computers remotely: FTP and Telnet, respectively.
• Researchers at the University of Essex wrote a program that allowed users to assume character roles and play an adventure game; these games continue on the Internet today and are called MUDs.
• The Internet Worm program created multiple copies of itself on the computers it infected in 1988.
• In 1991, the National Science Foundation further eased its restrictions on Internet commercial activity and began implementing plans to privatize much of the Internet.
• Internet traffic now carries more files that contain graphics, sound, and video, so the average size of Internet files has increased.
• An unknown number of individual e-mail messages and files travel on the Internet annually.
• The development of hypertext and graphical user interfaces played a key role in making the Internet easier to use and more accessible to people who were not research scientists.
• HTML is a language that includes a set of codes (or tags) attached to text; these tags describe the relationships among text elements.
• HTML includes tags that indicate which text is part of a header element, which text is part of a paragraph element, and which text is part of a numbered list element.
• In an HTML document, a hyperlink points to another location in the same or another HTML document.
• You can use several different types of software to read HTML documents, but most people use a Web browser such as Netscape Navigator or Microsoft Internet Explorer.
• The development of the World Wide Web worked hand-in-hand with the commercialization of the Internet to spur the Internet’s growth.