JAPANESE HISTORY

Tokugawa Japan 1600-1878

1 Control system

> 2 Collapse of Tokugawa Shogunate

3 Downfall of Tokugawa Shogunate

4 Note

Meiji Japan 1878-1912

1 Introduction

2 Charter Oath

3 Abolition of feudalism

4 Political Modernization

5 Economic Modernization

6 Military Modernization

7 Education Modernization

8 Note - Rise of militarism

All rights reserved - 2003- By C.F.Cheng


Collapse of Tokugawa Shogunate

Political weakness of Tokugawa Shogunate

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Socio-economic transformation

 

  1. Rise of merchant class

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  1. transformation of the Samurai class

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Effect:

     3.  Peasant

Discontent among each class

i Emperor & court: wanted to see the end of the Bakufu & restoration of imperial rule

ii Daimyo: politically & financially weak, poor condition, had to borrow money from merchant

iii Samurai: Poor condition, some sold their titles

iv Peasants: Heavy tax & rent

v Merchants: becoming rich & influential, wanted to improve position

By the mid 19th century, the whole feudal structure was breaking down

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Revival of imperial system

1 Influence of Neo-Confucianism

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2 Shintoism

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3 Rise of national learning

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Dutch learning

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Opening of Japan

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Perry arrival 1853

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Response of Tokugawa Shogunate

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Treaty of Kanagawa 1854

  1. 2 treaty ports far away from Edo
  2. Trade in Treaty ports (limited amount of trade was allowed)
  3. Well treatment on American shipwrecked sailors
  4. American consul would stay at Japan
  5. Most Favored Nation clause
  6. Supplies to foreign ships
  7. Extra-territoriality
  8. Residence for foreigners in Nagasaki

Treaty of Harris 1858

arrival of 1st American consul Townsend Harris 1856

Treaty of Harris / Edo 1858

  1. Kanagawa, Nagasaki were opened
  2. Exchange of dip mission
  3. Opening of Edo & Osaka for f. residence
  4. Extra- territory right
  5. Most Favoured Nation
  6. Import duty at low rate

* no war fighting took place

Treaty of Kanagawa & Harris & other unequal treaties (Britain, France, Russia, Dutch)

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