Russian Mosin Nagant, Model 44
The Mosin Nagant rifle, Model 44, replaced the M38 in the middle of World War II.  The only difference between an M44 and an M38 is that the M44 has a bayonet.

The bayonet on the M44 is a side-folding cruciform spike.  It is a monster of a bayonet, too.  It adds some significant weight to the carbine, and all of that weight is at the forward end.  The added weight helps a tad with recoil (which is pretty stout). 

One interesting tidbit: the M44 was sighted in at the arsenal with the bayonet extended.  Most shooters find that with the bayonet folded back, the rifle will be off to one side.  So apparently the M44 was designed to be fired with that bayonet flipped out, while the soldier was in "you'd better take that hill" mode.

These two M44s show the difference between wartime production and post-war production.  The one with the brown stock is dated 1945, while the red one is dated 1946.  As you can probably see, the 1945 model shows more wear and tear.  It does not have the metal inserts in the sling cutouts, which was a way of cutting costs and time during war.  There are also some minor differences in the receiver area and bayonet lockup.  Overall, the post-war model shows better quality in production.  I guess it's easier to take your time and do things right when there isn't the pressure of people dying every minute, huh?
Here's a picture of them with bayonets extended.  I definitely would not want to be charged by an angry Russian holding one of these.
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