Shari'ah and Fiqh
Shari`ah
The Arabic word shari`ah refers to the laws and way of life prescribed by Allah (SWT) for his servants. The shari`ah deals with the ideology and faith; behavior and manners; and practical daily matters. "To each among you, we have prescribed a law and a clear way. (Qur 'an 5:48) Shari`ah includes the Qur'an and the sunnah of the Prophet (saas). The Qur'an is the direct word of Allah (SWT), and is the first most important source of guidance and rulings. The Sunnah of the Prophet (saas) is the second source of guidance and rulings. The sunnah is an inspiration from Allah (SWT), but relayed to us through the words and actions of the Prophet (saas), and his concurrence with others' actions. The sunnah confirmed the rulings of the Qur'an; detailed some of the concepts, laws and practical matters which are briefly stated in the Qur'an (e.g. definition of Islam, Iman, and Ihsan, details of salah, types of usury); and gave some rulings regarding matters not explicitly stated in the Qur'an (e.g. wearing silk clothes for men).
| Shari`ah | |
| 1-Qur'an | 2-Sunnah of the prophet (saas) |
| Ideology and faith | Sayings |
| Behavior and manners | Actions |
Practical
manners
Pertaining to
family, business, |
Concurrence with others' actions |
| Characteristics of the Prophet (saas) | |
Fiqh
The Arabic word fiqh means knowledge, understanding and comprehension. It refers to the legal rulings of the Muslim scholars, based on their knowledge of the shari`ah; and as such is the third source of rulings. The science of fiqh started in the second century after Hijrah, when the Islamic state expanded and faced several issues which were not explicitly covered in the Qur'an and Sunnah of the Prophet (saas). Rulings based on the unanimity of Muslim scholars and direct analogy are binding. The four Sunni schools of thought, Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i and Hanbali, are identical in approximately 75% of their legal conclusions. Variances in the remaining questions are traceable to methodological differences in understanding or authentication of the primary textual evidence. Differing viewpoints sometimes exist even within a single school of thought.
| 3-Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence) | |
| Basis of Rulings | Imams of schools of thought |
|
Others: Al-Thawri,
Ibn Abu-Lail, Al Awza'i, |
Rulings of the Shari`ah
The rulings of shari`ah for all our daily actions are five : prescribed, recommended, permissible, disliked and unlawful . The distinctions between the five categories are in whether their performance (P) and nonperformance (NP) is rewarded, not rewarded, punished or not punished (see the table). The prescribed (fard) is also referred to as obligatory (wajib), mandatory (muhattam) and required (lazim). It is divided into two categories :
The recomended (mandub) is also referred to as sunnah, preferable (mustahabb), meritorious (fadila), and desirable (marghub fih). Examples are night vigil (tahajjud) prayers, and rememberance of Allah (zikr).
The performance and nonperformance of the permissible/ allowed (mubah) is neither rewarded nor punished.
Nonperformance of both the disliked (makruh) and the unlawful/prohibited (haram ) is rewarded. Performance of the unlawful is punished, but that of the disliked is not punished.
| Rulings of Sacred Law | ||||
| Prescribed | Recommended | Permissible /Allowed |
Disliked/ Offensive/ Detested |
Unlawful/ Prohibited |
| Other
terms: -Obligatory -Mandatory -Required Personally obligatory, communally obligatory Performance:
rewarded |
Other
terms: - Sunnah - Preferable - Meritorius - Desirable P: rewarded NP: not punished |
P:
not rewarded NP: not punished |
P:
not punished NP: rewarded |
P:
punished NP: rewarded |
Brief Fiqh Guide Methodology in Islamic Jurisprudence Guide to Islamic Jurisprudence Islamic Law Ijtihad - The process of working out Islamic rules Imam Hanbal Imam Malik Imam Ash-Shafi Imam Abu Hanifa The Life of Imam Abu Hanifa What is Taqlid or Ittiba? The Mujtahid and the Muqalid Weak Hadiths in "The Lawful and Prohibited in Islaam"
*We are the only website that contains Fiqh As-Sunnah (The Best Modern Book on Fiqh)*Ablution Ablution (Dry), Tayammum Ablution (Dry), Tayammum When Permissable Ablution Ghusl, Actions Requiring it Ablution Ghusl, Acts Forbidden to the Impure Ablution Ghusl, How it is Performed Ablution Ghusl, Principles Of Ablution Ghusl, When Ghusl is Preferred Ablution, Notes of Importance Ablution, Acts That Do Not Nullify it Ablution, Complete (Ghusl) Ablution, Nullification of Ablution, Obligatory Parts Ablution, Sunan Acts of Ablution, When it is a Prerequisite Ablution, When State of Purity is Preferred Ablution, Wiping Over the Socks Adhan Bathroom Death, Burial Death, Burial Preparation Death, Condolences Death, Dying Death, Funeral Prayers Performed for Whom? Death, Funeral Prayers Requirements Death, Funeral Prayers Death, Funeral Prayers Shroud Fasting (As-Siyam) Fasting, Actions that Void the Fast Fasting, Acts that are Permissible Fasting, Essential Elements of Fasting, Forbidden Days to Fast Fasting, Making up Missed Days of Ramadan Fasting, Making up Missed Fast Fasting, Manners of Fasting Fasting, Night of Qadr Fasting, Ramadan Fasting, Voluntary Fasts Grooming & Circumcision Hajj of the Prophet (p.b.u.h.) Hajj, Ability to Perform it Hajj, Definition & Prerequisites Hajj, Sa'i Between Safa and Marwah Hajj, Staying at Mina and Arafat Hajj, Talbiyah Hajj, Tawaf Circumambulation Around Kabah Hajj, What is Permitted to a Muhrim Ihram Ihram, Fixed Times and Places for Ihram Ihram, Killing Game in State of Ihram Ihram, Restrictions Impurities Itikaf or Seclusion in the Mosque Masjids Menstruation or Post-Childbirth Bleeding Menstruation, Prolonged Flows of Blood Prayer (Salah) Prayer During Times of Fear or Danger Prayer for Rain, Salatul Istisqa Prayer of a Person who is Ill, Saltul Marid Prayer of a Traveler, Salatul Qasr Prayer of Need, Salatul Hajah Prayer of Penitence, Salatut-Tawbah Prayer of Solar & Lunar Eclipses Prayer, Actions Which are Disliked During it Prayer, Actions Which Invalidate the Salah Prayer, Al-Qunut Prayer, Call to Prayer (Adhan) Prayer, Combining Two Prayers Prayer, Congretional Prayer Prayer, Duha Prayer Prayer, Friday Khutbah Prayer, Friday Prayer Prayer, Friday Prayer as an Obligation Prayer, Eid Prayers, Salatul Eidain Prayer, Late Night Prayers Prayer, Making up the Missed Prayers Prayer, Nonstressed Sunnah Prayers Prayer, Obligatory Acts Prayer, Partition (Sutrah) in Front of Prayer, Places Where Offering is Prohibited Prayer, Prerequisites of Prayer, Salatul Istikharah Prayer, Salatul Tasbih Prayer, Sunnah Acts Prayer, Sunnah of 'Isha Prayer, Sunnah of Maghrib Prayer, Sunnah of Zuhr Prayer, Superrerogatory Prayers Prayer, Tarawih Prayers During Ramadan Prayer, Two rak'at of Fajr Prayer, What is Allowed During It Prayer, Witr Prayer Prostration of Thankfulness, Sajdatush-Shukr Prostrations of Forgetfulness During Prayer Prostrations of Quranic Recital Purification Sa'i Between Safa and Marwa Sacred Precincts of Makkah and Madinah Sickness Sickness, Contagious Disease Sickness, Medical Treatment Supplications Supplications, Dhikr Supplications, Etiquette of Supplications, Journey Supplications, Journey-Going on One Tawaf Circumambulation Around the Kabah Umrah Zakah in Islamic Jurisprudence Zakah on Animals Zakah on Buried Treasure/Precious Metals Zakah on Plants and Fruits Zakah from Wealth Extracted from the Sea Zakah, Exhortation to Give Zakah, Holdings Subject to Zakah, People Forbidden for Zakah, Punishment for the Delinquents Zakah, Recipients of Zakatul Fitr Zakatut Tatawwu' or Voluntary Sadaqah
Fiqh
Topics
NOTE: Some of the following is not 100% reliable. Please refer to
"Fiqh As-Sunnah" by Sayed Sabiq for a reliable source or read
"The Lawful And the Prohibited in Islam" By Yusuf Qaradawi. If you
know Arabic, then there are tons on sources, such as Kitabul-Fiqh.
Salah According to the Hanafi Madhab Hajj Organ Transplant The Lottery Craze Organ Transplant Part 2 Animal Testing Pork Riba (Interest) in Islam Muslims in Non-Muslims Land Islamic Dress Jihad: The Judicial Ruling Is Alcohol a Factor is Social Problems Ruling on Fasting Visiting the Prophet's Masjid Taraweeh Night of Mid-Shaban The First Friday of Rajab Visitation of the Prophet's Grave Commentary on Fasting Rajab Hadiths on Rajab Dancing Dancing with Liberalism The Prophet's Ascension-Part 1 The Prophet's Ascension-Part 2 The Prophet's Ascension-Part 3 Anatomy of Islam Alcoholic Derivates in Food Is Alcohol a Disease? Taraweeh Prayer: 8 Rakah or 20? Meanings of Sayyid and Master Head cover for men Muhammad in the Bible Three acts benefit a deceased when he dies What does the Shari`a say about masturbation (istimna') Adoption and mahram relationship Permissability of following more than one madhhab Belief in a prophet after Muhammad (s) A few questions about HADITH Organization: Responsibilities of the Husband and Rights of the Wife in Islam Mixing of men and women during wedding party 73 groups and only one in paradise Four wives Why is cremation forbidden in Islam? Gift Rewarding Do the dead hear the address of the living? Jihad Woman leading women in prayer Do Prophets Sin? Naked Women in Graveyards Making Sajdah Putting the finger down after pointing A HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE REFUTATION OF THE HADITH AND THE AUTHENTICITY OF ITS COMPILATION Type of dhikr during Eid days Can muslim male wear silver chain and bracelet THE VEIL IN ISLAM How to feel khushu in salat Praying behind an imam of a different madhhab or an imam who follows another madhhab than his own on a given issue Can non-Muslim children inherit from their Muslim father Women traveling without a mahram Assisted suicide Women Scholars Read from an open mushaf held while he is praying Marriage without parents' approval Handling the Quran Alcohol in cosmetics and perfumes The word Ummi Christian Paganism Doubts after urination Zakat on women's jewelry Remove hijab in front of non-muslim women Handling Quran by Non Muslims Blood transfusions Wedding dinners Who is Abdul Qadir al-Arnaut? Jihad is the pillar of Islam and its topmost part Islamic evidence to support the fact that this dhikr has benefits The Belly of a Disbeliever The Veil in Islam Scientific experimentation using live animals Measures taken to consume halal food On apostasy Is Juma held when Eid falls on Friday? Christian Islam Fatwa by Bin Baz on seeing the Prophet (SAWS) About Homosexuality Who are Ahl al-Bayt Hadith on the Mahdi (AS) Obeying the laws of the land If Jesus wasn't crucified, what really did happen? Respecting the Quran Conquest of Constantinople Muslim inherits from non-muslim Segregation between men and women What should I do about going to church About those who attack the Sahaba Invoking blessings (salawat) on other than the Prophet IBN ABI `ABLA (>60-151/152) Khalid ibn Sinan WAHDAT-AL-WUJUD Is it permissible for a muslim to celebrate his birthday? Passing around donation box during the khutbah Where to spend zakat money Does Islam emphasizes law and force over love and mutual forgiveness? Hadith in Bukhari which says that prophet Ibrahim(AS) lied on three occasions Madhhabs and Saved Group [new] How and when does one perform the Istikhara prayer Praying for the dead and what benefits them Circumcision and Health Origin of Circumcision Children in the hereafter What are the verses of protection against the false messiah Sleep and renewing wud`u Degrees of sin Shahada sufficient? Good books on tasawwuf The occupation of Prophet Mohammad [PBUH] before he got Risalat. Position of Hands During Salat according to Maliki School [new] Divorce: Conditions for Wife to Initiate Limit on the allowed number of nawafil prayer Shortening the prayer Zakat on jewelry from the Shafi`i madhhab Mahram Will women also get men in paradise? Women dress code Is it permissable for a husband to have breast milk from is wife Hadith: The Black Dog is a Devil Funeral etiquette Responsibilities at reaching puberty On Khidr (peace upon him)