คุณสมบัติและการนำไปใช้งานของ advanced ceramics
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คุณสมบัติ |
ตัวอย่างการนำไปใช้งาน |
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Thermal |
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Insulation |
High-temperature
fumace linings for insu lation (oxide |
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fibers
such as silica, alumina, and zirconia) |
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Refractoriness |
High-temperature
fumace linings for insulation and |
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containment
of molten metals and slags |
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Thermal
conductivity |
Heat
sinks for electronic packages (AIN) |
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Electrical
and dielectric |
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Conductivity |
Heating
elements for fumaces (SiC, ZrO2, MoSi2) |
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Ferroelectricity |
Capacitors
(Ba-titanate-based materials) |
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Low-voltage
insulators |
Ceramic
insulation (porcelain, steatite, forsterite) |
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Insulators
in electronic applications |
Substrates
for electronic packaging and electrical |
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insulators
in general (Al2, O3, AIN) |
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Insulators
in hostile environments |
Spark
plugs (Al 2O3) |
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Ion-conducting |
Sensors,
fuel cells, and solid electrolytes (ZrO2, ß- |
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alumina, etc.) |
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Semiconducting |
Termistors and heating elements (oxides of fe, co, |
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Mn) |
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Nonlinear
I-V characteristics |
Current
surge protectors (Bi-doped ZnO, SiC) |
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Gas-sensitive
conductivity |
Gas
sensors (SnO2,ZnO) |
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Magnetic
and superconductive |
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Hard
magnets |
Ferrite
magnets[(Ba, Sr)O.6Fe2O3] |
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Soft
magnets |
Transformer
cores [(Zn, M)Fe2O3, with M=Mn, Co |
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Mg];
magnetic tapes (rare-earth gamets) |
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Superconductivity |
Wires
and SQUID magnetometers (YBa2Cu3O7) |
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Optical |
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Transparency |
Windows
(soda-lime glasses), cables for optical |
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communication
(ultra-pure silica |
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Translucency
and chemical inertness |
Heat-and
corrosion-resistant materials, usually for Na |
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lamps
(Al2O3,MgO) |
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Nonlinearity |
Swiitchhing devices for optical computing (LiNbO3) |
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IR
transparency |
Infrared
laser windows (CaF2, SrF2, NaCl) |
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Nuclear
applications |
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Fission |
Nuclear
fuel (UO3, UC) , fuel cladding (C, SiC) neutron |
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moderators
(C, BeO) |
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Fusion |
Tritium
breeder materials (zirconates and silicates of Li, |
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Li2O)
; fusion reeactor lining (C, SiC,
Si3N4,B4C) |
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Chemical |
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Catalysis |
Filters
(zeolites); puritication
of exhaust gases |
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Anticorrosion
properties |
Heat
exchangers (SiC), chemical equipment in corrosive |
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environments |
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Biocompatibility |
Artificial
joint prostheses (Al2O3 |
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Machanical |
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Hardness |
Cutting
tools (SiC whisk er-reinforced
Al2O3,Si3N4) |
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High-temperature
strength retention |
Stators
and turbine blades, ceramic engines (Si3N4) |
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Wear
resistance |
Bearings
(Si3N4) |