Oceanus (Oceanos)
Son of Gaea (Gaia) and Uranus (Ouranos). He is
the oldest of the Titans. Husband of Tethys and father of the Oceanides,
Naiades, and the river gods. He was the personification of the never-ending
stream that circles the earth. In the war between the Titans and the Olympians
he protected both Hera and Rhea and, therefore, was not banished to Tartarus
with the rest of the Titans.
Coeus
Son of Gaea and Uranus. Father of Leto by Phoebe
and, probably, father of Asteria by her also.
Hyperion
Another son of Gaea and Uranus. Brother and husband
to Theia; father of Helios (the sun), Eos (the dawn), and Selene (the moon),
and of Hesperus. He has the reputation of being exceedingly handsome ("radiant",
"splendor" are adjectives used in describing him), and was sometimes confused
with Apollo by some worshippers.
Crius
Married to his sister Eurybia. Father of Astraeus,
Pallas, and Perses.
Iapetus
Another son of Gaea and Uranus. Husband to Clymene.
Father of Atlas, Prometheus, Epimetheus, and Menoetius.
Cronus (Cronos, Kronos) ...Roman
Saturn
Another son of Gaea and Uranus. Brother and husband
to Rhea. He is the youngest of the Titans. Became the leader of the Titans
after overthrowing, and castrating, his father with a sickle. He swallowed
his own children by his sister Rhea.
By Rhea he begot the Olympian gods/goddesses,
who in turn overthrew him and the rest of the Titans, whom they then banished
to Tartarus. Cronus managed to escape to Italy, where he ruled as
Saturn. The period of his rule was said to be a golden age on earth, honored
by the Saturnalia feast. He may also be the father of Chiron by Philyra
and of Picus.
Kronos is an ambiguous figure. The Titans in
general were thought of as primitive beings and Hesiod
describes Kronos as 'most terrible' (Theogony,
line 138) a judgement borne out by his brutal treatment of Ouranos . But
Kronos' rule was also thought of as a happier time than the age of Zeus
and Hesiod places the Golden Age in the time of Kronos.
In Ancient Greece Kronos was celebrated at yearly festivals during which the normal social order was overturned with masters inviting slaves to dinner.
The Roman equivalent to these festivals, the Saturnalia
or Brumalia, was celebrated in December and was the forerunner of our Christmas
festivities.
Theia
One of the Titanides, the collective name for
the daughters of Gaea and Uranus. She is the mother of Helios, Eos, and
Selene. Her attributes are the Sun and the Day.
Rhea
One of the Titans, daughter of Gaia and Kronos
she was mother of Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades, Poseidon
and Zeus. With the help of Gaia and Ouranos she
hid Zeus from Kronos and gave Kronos a stone to
swallow in his place.
Rhea is sometimes identified with the Eastern
goddess Kybele, as in Euripides' Bacchae, and with the
mysterious 'Mother of the Gods'.
(Cybele was the goddess
of nature and fertility. Because Cybele presided over mountains and fortresses,
her crown was in the form of a city wall. The cult of Cybele was directed
by eunuch priests called Corybantes, who led the faithful in orgiastic
rites accompanied by wild cries and the frenzied music of flutes, drums,
and cymbals. Her annual spring festival celebrated the death and resurrection
of her beloved Attis, a vegetation god. Her Greek mythology counterpart
was Rhea.)
Mnemosyne
One of the Titanides.Her mother was Gaea and
her father Uranus (the Sky). She is Mother of the Muses; She slept with
Zeus for nine nights and gave birth to the nine Muses. Her attributes are
Memory and Intelligence.
Phoebe
the daughter of Gaea and Uranus. Mother
of Asteria and Leto by her brother Coeus. Her attributes are the Moon and
the Night. Her name means "the shining one".
Phoebe is another Moon Goddess, though she is
not a part of the Triple Goddess. She is often confused with Artemis.
Tethys
The Titaness Tethys was the wife of her brother
Oceanus and by him the mother of the 3000 daughters (Oceanids ~ Water Nymphs),
and 3000 sons (the Rivers); Metis, Tyche, and Styx. Her attribute
is Water . She was a Goddess of the Ocean, but eventually ceded to Doris,
who ceded to Amphitrite. Tethys was the Godmother of Rhea, and raised her
during the civil war between the Gods and the Titans.
Themis
One of the Titanides. Mother, by Zeus, of the
three Fates and the Seasons, the Horae, Moirae, Hesperides, and Astraea.
The Goddess of Divine Justice and Law, Themis was the constant companion
of the god Zeus and sat beside him on Olympus. In ancient art she is represented
holding aloft a pair of scales on which she weighs the claims of opposing
parties. Her attributes are Order, Justice, and Knowledge.
"Second/Third Generations"
PROMETHEUS
The wisest of the Titans. His name means "forethought".
A benefactor to mankind, whom he shaped out of mud (Athena is said to have
breathed life into them.) He supplied fire to mankind in defiance of Zeus,
who punished him by having him chained to a mountain where an eagle fed
upon his liver daily (it regrew during the night).
Son of the Titan Iapetos (and a nymph, Klymene),
brother of Atlas and Epimetheus. His name means
'foresight' that of Epimetheus 'aftersight'.
He is closely connected with humans, but this connection takes different
forms in different authors. Hesiod's Theogony tells how he tricked Zeus
into accepting the poorer portion of the meat at the 'settlement between
gods and men' at Mykone, leaving the better portion of the sacrifice for
the human participants. When Zeus hid fire in exchange, Prometheus stole
it back. The gods' response was to create woman. Hesiod's Works and Days
gives a slightly different version of the events leading to the creation
of the first woman.
The story contains some potent themes. In his
opposition to Zeus, Prometheus is another of the threats to his supreme
authority which must be removed. The attempt to trick Zeus at a feast or
sacrifice is paralleled in the stories of Tantalus and Lykaon. Prometheus'
function as the provider of civilisation (in the form of fire) is made
clear in his speech in Aeschylus' play, Prometheus Bound in which he tells
how he taught men various arts.
Hesiod does not explain the origin of men, but
in other sources Prometheus is responsible for their creation from dust
or earth
Epimetheus
Maybe the dumbest of the Titans. His name means
"afterthought". He was given the job, by Prometheus, to dispense differing
qualities to the newly-created men and beasts. He started with the animals,
and gave them the sterling qualities of swiftness, courage, cunning, etc.
and when it came time for him to give some qualities to men, he found he
had nothing left to give. Prometheus came to the rescue of men once again
and bestowed on them upright posture (a la the gods), which enabled them
to survive and prosper.
Atlas
The son of Iapetus and the Oceanid Clymene. Brother
of Menoetius, Prometheus and Epimetheus. His name means "he who carries",
because the Greeks believed his punishment for waging war against Zeus
was to carry the vault of the heavens upon his shoulders. He is prominently
involved in Heracles' labor to obtain the golden apples of the Hesperides.
Atlas offered to get them for Heracles if he would hold up the sky while
Atlas retrieved them. When he returned he told Heracles he would deliver
them as Heracles was doing such a great job holdingup the sky. Heracles
agreed, but then asked Atlas to hold up the sky a second so he, Heracles,
could adjust the position on his shoulders and make it more comfortable.
When Atlas did so, Heracles left with the apples, thus tricking Atlas into
resuming his punishment.
By his wife Pleione (daughter of Oceanus) he
had seven children. A Titan he fought against the gods in the battle between
gods and Titans; the victorious Zeus condemned him to hold up the sky forever.
Leto
She was the daughter of the Titans Phoebus and
Coeus, that makes her a sister of Asteria (the mother of Hecate). She was
the mother of the twins Artemis and Apollo.
Leto was tormented by the jealous Hera, who found
out about her affair with Zeus. Hera commanded that no land grant sanctuary
to Leto for the purpose of childbirth. Poseidon took pity on the wandering
mother-to-be, and anchored a floating mass of rocks to the bottom of the
sea with a gigantic column. Here Leto suffered birth-pains for nine days
and nine nights because Hera delayed the arrival of
Eileithyia, the goddess of childbirth, before
giving birth to the twins.
Menoetius
He is the first slain by Zeus with a thunderbolt
provided by the Cyclopes, in the war between the Titans and the Olympians.
Dione
According to the Iliad she is the mother of Aphrodite,
by Zeus (not as popular a myth as Aphrodite being born of "the foam of
the sea"). The daughter of Oceanus and Tethys.
*But it also says she is the daughter of
Epimetheus, who was the son of the Titan Japet. She was believed
by some to be an ancient Earth Goddess, or the Goddess of the Oak. In other
cases it is said that she is the female version of Zeus.
Doris
Doris was best known for being the mother of
all of the Nereids. She was the daughter of Tethys and Oceanus, both Titans.
Eurynome
Eurynome is a hard one. By some accounts she
was a Titaness married to Ophion, yet by others she was a daughter of Oceanus
and Tethys, one of the Oceanids. I think I go with the former. She was
also the mother of the Graces.
Asteria
Daughter of Phoebe and Coeus. Leto's sister.
Said to be the mother of Hecate by Perses. Asteria was pursued by Zeus,
and inorder to escape his amorous advances, changed herself into a quail
and plunged into the sea, where she became a floating island (Delos).
Maia
She was a Pleiade, daughter of Atlas and Pleione.
Gave birth to Hermes, fathered by Zeus and raised him in a cave, far away
from Hera's jealous eyes.
In Greek mythology she was one of the seven daughters
of Atlas (Maia, Electra, Celaeno, Taygeta, Merope, Alcyone, and Sterope),
who were metamorphosed into stars.
Electra
Daughter of Atlas. According to some mythographers,
mother of Harmonia, by Zeus. Also the mother of the Harpies, and Iris,
by Thaumas, a son of Gaea and Pontus.
Taygete
Another daughter of Atlas. In some myths she
escapes Zeus' advances by being turned into a hind by Artemis, who later
restores her to her natural form. In other myths she succumbs to Zeus and
gives birth to Lacedaemon.
Metis
Metis was another Titaness. She was the Goddess
of Prudence and Goddess of wisdom. A daughter of Oceanus. It was she who
gave Cronus the doctored potion that made him vomit up the children (the
Olympian gods) that he had swallowed. She became the first wife of Zeus,
who was warned by Gaea that any child Metis bore him would overthrow him.
Just before she was to give birth (to Athena) she, and the unborn child,
were swallowed by Zeus. Metis ends up living inside Zeus' head and giving
him advice from there.
Tyche
Tyche was the Goddess of Fame and Fortune. It
was in her temple that the first dice was reportedly made. She was another
daughter of Oceanus and Tethys. She is often depicted with a wheel because
she has such a very fickle nature.
Helios
The sun god. He traveled the sky in a chariot
pulled by fire-breathing horses, named Phaethon, Lampon, Chronus, Aethon,
Bronte, Astrope, Pyroeis, Phlegon, and Eous. Helios was the father of Phaethon,
the youth who was killed trying to fly his father's chariot across the
sky. Helios also fathered Aeëtes, Achelous, Augeus, Pasiphae, Phaetusa,
Lampetia, Perses, the Heliads (seven sons from the nymph Rhode, and seven
daughters from Clymene, who was also the mother of the unfortunate Phaethon),
Electryone, and Circe. The gigantic statue (sculpted by Chares, it was
said to be 30 yards high and ships under full sail could pass between its
legs) of him in the harbor at Rhodes was considered one of the original
Seven Wonders of the World. He was known to the Romans as Sol.
Selene (Mene)
The moon goddess. By Zeus she was the mother
of three daughters, Pandia, Erse (the dew), and Nemea (some myths make
her the mother of the Nemean Lion, also by Zeus). The best known myth about
Selene is the one about her affair with Endymion. There are two versions:
1. She consummates her love with Endymion and
bears him fifty daughters.
2. She comes upon a sleeping Endymion and, enraptured,
steals a kiss. She (or Endymion, himself) asks Zeus for immortality and
eternal youth. This is granted, but with a twist; he must remain eternally
asleep. Selene comes each night to gaze upon her love and to steal another
kiss.
Eos
The goddess of the dawn. She was depicted as
a winged goddess riding across the sky in her two horse chariot, just before
sunrise, pulled by her horses "Shiner" and "Bright". She became the lover
of many young men, including Tithonus, for whom she begged immortality
for him from Zeus. She forgot to ask for eternal youth as well, and Tithonus
grew ever-increasingly wrinkled and shriveled with age. Eventually she
locked him in a room and there he stayed until the gods took pity and turned
him into thecicada, an insect famous for its complaining sound. Eos, with
the Titan Astreus, bore the winds, Boreas, Zephyrus, Eurus, and Notus.
She was also the mother, by various lovers, of Memnon, Emathion, Phosphorus,
and Hesperus. She earned the enmity of Aphrodite by having an affair with
Ares. Aphrodite thereupon inspired Eos with love for many mortals; the
aforementioned
Tithonus, Orion, Cleitus, Cephalus, etc. Eos
was known to the Romans as Aurora.
Hesperus
The evening star. He was the father of Daedalion,
Ceyx, and (some myths) the Hesperides.
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