,J gidf;Fsk; [_k;M k];[pj;. ,jd; njd;Gwj;jpy; kfhd; nra;apJ K`k;kJ typAy;yh`;(u`;) tpd; fg;U \hPg; cs;sJ

gidf;Fsk; nra;apJ K`k;kJ typAy;yh`; (u`;)

nka;epiy fz;l jtQhdp> mwpTyfg; Ngnuhsp my;`h[; my;yhkh m\;n\a;Fy; fhkpy; kypFy; cykh Fj;G[; [khd; k]P`{y; mdhk; nksyhd i\Fdh

ghth vd;W md;Gg; ngauhy; miof;fg;ngw;w ,th;fspd; ,aw;ngah; nra;apJ K`k;kJ vd;gjhFk;. ,th;fs; ,uhkehjGuk; khtl;lk; gidf;Fsj;jpy; (,e;jpah> jkpo; ehL) fp.gp.1882y; gpwe;jdh;. ,th;fspd; je;ij ngah; rPdpj;jk;gp. jhahh; ngah; Mkpdh. je;ijahh; [Tsp tpahghuk; nra;J te;jdh;.

fp.gp.1892y; ,th;fs; gj;J taJ rpWtuhf ,Uf;Fk; ,th;fis ,th;fspd; cwtpdh; K`k;kJ myP vd;gth; jk;Kld; kNyahTf;F mioj;Jr; nrd;whh;. mq;F itj;Jj;jhd ,th;fs; jpUf;Fh;Md; Xjf; fw;Wf;nfhz;ldh;. fp.gp.1897y; jhafk; jpUk;gpa ,th;fs; kPz;Lk; kNyah nrd;wdh;. thzpgj;jpd; nghUl;L mq;Fnrd;w ,th;fs; vg;nghOJ ghh;j;jhYk; jpahdj;jpYk;> njhOifapYk;> Fh;Mid xJtjpYk; <Lgl;bUg;gijf; fz;l ,th;fspd; cwtpdh; K`k;kJ myP ,th;fis Nehf;fp jhq;fs; vd;d nghpa Mypkhfp tpl;Bh;fsh? vg;nghOJ ghh;j;jhYk; njhOifapYk; tzf;fj;jpYk; <Lgl;bUe;jhy; jq;fspd; tUq;fhyk; vd;dhtJ? vd;W rw;Wf; fLikahff; $wpdhh;. ,J ,th;fspd; cs;sj;jpy; ijj;jJ. fp.gp.1901k; Mz;L ,th;fs; jhafk; jpUk;Gk; rkak; mth; eykhf Ch; nrd;W jpUkz Kbj;J rpyfhyk; tho;e;Jtpl;L tpiutpy; te;J tpLq;fs; vd;W $wp mDg;gpanghOJ kr;rhd; ehd; ,q;F kPz;Lk; tukhl;Nld;. vd;idj; jhq;fs; kPz;Lk; ghh;f;Fk; nghOJ Xh; MypkhfNt ghh;g;gPh;fs; vd;W $wptpl;L ,th;fs; fg;gNywpdh;.

jhafk; jpUk;gpa ,th;fs;  jk; vz;zj;ijg; ngw;Nwhh;fsplk; $w mjw;F mth;fs; ,iratpy;iy. vdNt XhpuT vy;NyhUk; cwq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; epiyapy; ehd; mugpf; fy;tp gapyg; Gwg;gl;L tpl;Nld; vd;W xU jhspy; vOjp jk; rNfhjuh; `gPg; K`k;kjpd; jiyaizapd; fPo; itj;Jtpl;L KJFsj;J}h; te;J mq;Fs;s kju]htpy; Nrh;e;J %d;W Mz;Lfs; gapd;wdh;. gpd;dh; NtY}h; nrd;W kju]h ghf;fpahj;J]; ]hyp`hj;jpy; m/yh `ouj; mg;Jy; t`hg; rh`pg; mth;fsplk; fy;tp gapd;wdh;. gpd;dh; nghd;dhdp nrd;W mq;Fs;s kj;u]htpy; vl;L Mz;Lfs; gapd;wdh;. mg;nghOJ ,th;fspd; ;,yf;fzj; jpwikiaf; fz;l Mrphpah;fs; ,th;fSf;F e`;tPd; (,yf;fz ty;Ydh;) vd;w gl;lj;ij toq;fpdh;. gpd;dh; nrd;id nrd;W mq;Fs;s [khypahtpYk; gpd;dh; ghf;fpahj;J]; ]hyp`hj;jpYk; fy;tp gapd;W gl;lk; ngw;wdh;. ,t;thW gj;njhd;gJ Mz;Lfs; fope;jd.

fp.gp.1933y; ,th;fs; [{iyfh gPtp vd;Dk; kq;if ey;yhiu kzKbj;J tho;e;jdh;. mth;fs; kiwtpw;Fg; gpd; fp.gp.1949y; Mkpdh gPtp vd;w kq;if ey;yhiu kzKbj;J tho;e;jdh;. ,th;fspd; ,y;yNkh fspkz;zhy; fl;lg;gl;l rpwpa tPLjhd; . tPl;bd; Nkw;$iw njd;dq; fPw;Wfshy; Ntag;gl;bUe;jJ. ehw;GwKk; Xiyapdhy; Ntyp milf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. ,j;jF vspa ,y;yj;jpy; jhd; ,th;fs; ,Wjptiu tho;e;J te;jdh;. xUehs; ,th;fspd; ,y;yk; te;j ,th;fspd; Njhoh; gPh; K`k;kJ vd;gth; ,th;fis Nehf;fp ,e;j tPl;il ed;Kiwapy; fl;bj;ju vdf;F mDkjp toq;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W tpdakhf Ntz;b epw;f ,th;fspd; fz;fs; rpte;jd. gPh; K`k;kJ te;j mYtiy Kbj;Jf; nfhz;L nry;Yq;fs;. ,e;j vz;zk; cq;fSf;F Ntz;lhk; vd;W rw;Wf; fLikahf $wp mtiu mDg;gp itj;jdh;.

vg;nghOJk; ifapy; j];gP`{ld; fhl;rp toq;Fk; ,th;fs; Mz;by; ngUk;ghyhd ehl;fs; Nehd;G Nehw;W te;jdh; . vdpDk; mjid ,th;fs; ntspNa fhl;bf; nfhs;s khl;lhh;fs;.

,th;fspd; czNth kpfTk; vspikahdJ. mjid cz;Zk; Kd; ,th;fs; gjpNdhU jlit ]ythj;ij Xjpf;nfhs;thh;fs;. gpd;dh; gp];kp nrhy;yp Kjypy; cg;ig vLj;J ehtpy; itj;J mjd;gpd; rpy gr;ir ntq;fhaq;fis rhg;gpLth;. mjd;gpd; ntWk; Nrhiw kl;Lk; %d;W gpb vLj;J mUe;Jtpl;L gpd;dh; Mzk;>fwp Mfpatw;Wld; cztUe;Jth;. cztUe;jpa gpd; gPq;fhid fOtpf; Fbg;ghh;fs;.

,utpy; ,th;fs; cwq;FtJ rpwpJ Neuk;jhd;. xU kuf;fl;ilia jiyaidahf itj;Jf;nfhz;Ljhd; ,th;fs; cwq;FtJ tof;fk;.

ngUk;ghYk; gfypy; jk; Neuj;ijg; gs;spthapypy; fopf;Fk; ,th;fs; ,utpy; fhLfSf;Fr; nrd;W jtk; nra;J tpl;Lj; jpUk;Gth;.

vg;nghOJk; [khmj;Jld; njho Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf ,th;fs; ntspNa vq;F nrd;whYk; jk;Kld; xUrpyiu mioj;Jr; nry;th;. gpuahzk; Gwg;gLk; nghOJ gs;spthapypy; ,Ue;J Gwg;gLth;. Ch; jpUk;Gk; nghOJ Kjypy; gs;spthapypNyNa te;J ,wq;Fth;.

\hJypah jhPf;fhitg; gpd;gw;wpa ,th;fs; fp.gp.1932k; Mz;by; jk; Ch; gs;spthapypy; `y;fh jpf;iu Jtf;fp itj;J xt;nthU ehSk; itfiuj; njhOiff;Fg; gpd;Gk; k/hpg; njhOiff;Fg; gpd;Gk; tof;fkhf nra;J te;jdh;. fp.gp.1936y; ,th;fs; jk; Chpy; xU kj;u]hit Vw;gLj;jp khzth;fs; khh;f;ff; fy;tp gapd;W nrd;wdh;.

,th;fspd; fy;tp Qhdj;ij Nrhjpj;Jg; ghh;f;f tpUk;gpa rpyh; ,th;fsplk; Fh;Mdpd; xU rpW trdj;jpw;F tpsf;fk; Ntz;ba nghOJ xU gfy; xU ,uT mjw;F tpsf;fk; gfh;e;J Nfl;lth;fis tpag;Gf; flypy; Mo;j;jpdh;.

fy;tp Qhdj;jpy; kl;Lky;yhJ Md;kPf Qhdj;jpYk; ,th;fs; kpfTk; cahpa gbj;juj;jpy; ,Ue;jdh;. mjd; fhuzkhf ,th;fs; Mw;wpa mw;Gjq;fs; gy. vtUila cs;sj;jpYk; cs;sij mwpAk; ,ay;G ,th;fsplk; ,Ue;jJ. vdNt te;jth; jhk; $w te;jijf; $WKd; ,th;fs; mjw;Fg; gjpy; $wptpLthh;fs;. NghPj;jk; goj;ijNah my;yJ ehk; md;whl cz;Zk; czTg; nghUisNah Xjpf; nfhLj;J jPuhj tpahjpfisnay;yhk; Fzg;gLj;Jth;. fy;Y}hp khzth; xUth; jpBnud tha; Ngr Kbahj> fz; ghh;f;f Kbahj> fhJ Nfl;f Kbahj epiy Vw;gl;lJ. lhf;flh;fs; vt;tsNth Kad;Wk; mtUf;Fg; gyd; ey;f ,aytpy;iy. Mdhy; ,th;fNsh mtiu xU rhjhuz czit cz;ZkhW nra;jhh;fs;. mth; G+uz eyd; ngw;W vOe;jhh;.

kio ,y;yhj fhyj;jpy; kf;fs; ,th;fsplk; te;J KiwapLk; nghOJ ,th;fs; jz;zPh; nfhz;L tur;nrhy;yp jk; tPl;L Kw;w ntspapy; epd;W Fspg;ghh;fs;. Fspj;Jtpl;L jpd;idapy; VwpaTld; kio nga;aj; Jtq;fptpLk;. ,t;thW gy jlit epfo;Js;sJ.

,th;fs; jk;ikf; fhz tUgth;fsplk; vy;yhk; $wpa mwpTiu my;yh`{k;k ]y;yp myh K`k;kjpdpd; egpa;apy; ck;kpa;ap vd;w ]ythj;ij fhiyapYk; khiyapYk; Mapuk; jlitfs; Xjpthpd; vy;yh ed;ikfisAk; va;jg; ngWtPh;fs;. ,t;tpjk; nra;tJ khdpldpd; fld; vd;W ,th;fs; $Wthh;fs;.

khh;f;fk; gw;wpa tiuapy; kpfTk; fz;bg;Gf;fhuuhf ,Ue;j ,th;fs; 95 taJ epuk;gpa ,th;fspd; je;ij mkh;e;J njhOtjw;F ,th;fsplk; mDkjp Ntz;ba nghOJ xUth; Ie;J &ghia jq;fsplk; je;J xU Ntiyia Kbj;Jj; jUkhW $wpdhy; vd;d nra;tPh;fs;? vd;W tpdtpdh;. Kbj;Jj;jhd; nfhLg;Ngd;. mJjhNd vd;Dila Ntiy vd;W gjpy; $wpdhh; je;ij. mg;gbahdhy; jhq;fs; epd;Wjhd; njho Ntz;Lk;. cl;fhh;e;J njhof;$lhJ vd;W fz;bg;ghff; $wptpl;lhh;.

,th;fs; jk; kfd; kt;ytp K`k;kJ Kghwf;Fld; xUKiw `[;[{r; nra;J te;jdh;. mg;nghOJ ele;j mw;Gjq;fs; gy. `[;[{r; nra;Jtpl;L jhafk; jpUk;g ehb [pj;jh tpkhd epiyaj;jpy; te;J fhj;jpUe;j nghOJ ePz;l cUtpdh; xUth; te;J ,th;fSf;F ]yhk; ciuj;Jj; jk; ifj;Jz;by; Kbe;J itj;jpUe;j ,uz;L Fh;]; ehzaq;fis mtpo;j;J ,th;fsplk; nfhLj;J tpl;Lr; nrd;whh;. mth; nrd;w gpd; ,th;fs; jhk; Mjk; (miy) vd;W jk; kfdplk; $wpdhh;fs;. me;j ,uz;L Fh;]; ehzaq;fisAk; ,th;fs; vg;nghOJk; iff;Fl;ilapy; Kbe;J itj;jpUg;gh;. mit ,g;nghOJ ,th;fspd; kfd; kt;ytp K`k;kJ Kghwf;fplk; cs;sJ.

,th;fs; fp.gp.1968 [dthp 23k; ehs; nrt;tha; fpoik gpd;Nduk; Gjd; ,uT VNofhy; kzpastpy; gidf;Fsj;jpy; fhykhapdh;. ,th;fis vq;F mlf;fk; nra;tJ vd;W kf;fsplk; gpur;rid vo ,Wjpahf jpUTyr; rPl;Lf; FYf;fp vLf;fg;gl;ljpy; gs;spthrypy; vd;wpUe;jjhy; gs;spthrypd; njd;gFjpapy; ey;ylf;fk; nra;ag;gl;ldh;. xt;nthU Mz;Lk; \t;thy; gpiw 23y; ,th;fspd; epidT ehs; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ.

,uz;L kidtpah; %yk; ,th;fSf;Fg; gpwe;j Mz; kf;fshd K`k;kJ mg;Jh; u\PJ> K`k;kJ Fj;Gj;jPd;> K`k;kJ Kghwf; > K`k;kJ ,k;jhJy;yh`;>K`k;kJ `]d; tJ}J gpy;yh`;> K`k;kJ `pk;ahDy;yh`; Mfpa midtUk; Mypk;fshf cs;sdh;. ngz;kf;fspy; ehy;thpy; %th; ,g;nghOJ tho;e;J tUfpd;wdh;. ,th;fs; Jtq;fpa `y;fh jpf;h; gs;spthapypy; ,th;fspd; kf;fshy; ,g;nghOJk; elj;jg;gl;L tUfpwJ.

ed;wp : ,];yhkpaf; fiyf; fsQ;rpak; %d;whk; ghfk;.