Dist-list

acanthophora (Malaysia)
acanthopoda = C. magnifolia
acaulis = C. hancockii
aciculosa (Malaysia, Pacific)
acrostichoides (Malaysia)
aculeata (Alsophila) = C. armata or C. microdonta
aculeata (Cyathea) = C. armata
acuminata (Malaysia)
acuta = C. contaminans
aeneifolia (Malaysia)
aeneifolia var. macrophylla (Malaysia)
aeneifolia var. melanacantha (Malaysia)
aethiopica = C. camerooniana var. aethiopica
affinis (Pacific)
affinis = C. affinis or C. medullaris or C. propinqua
agatheti (Malaysia)
alata (Pacific)
albidosquamata (Malaysia)
albidula = C. rubiginosa
albosetacea (Asia)
alderwereltii (Malaysia)
alleniae (Malaysia)
allocota = C. squamulata
alpicola = C. trachypoda
alpina = C. trachypoda
alsophila = C. aspera
alsophiliformis = C. junghuhniana
alternans (Malaysia)
amaiambitensis = C. ramispina
amboinensis (Malaysia)
amphicosmioides = C. hymenodes
ampla = C. assimilis or C. polypoda
andersoni (Asia)
aneitensis (Pacific)
angiensis (Malaysia)
angolensis = C. dregei
angustipinna (Malaysia)
annae (Malaysia)
apiculata (Malaysia)
apoensis (Malaysia)
aquilina = C. parvula
aquilina var. maxonii = C. parvula
arachnoidea = C. aciculosa or C. celebica or C. tripinnata
aramaganensis (Pacific)
arborea (Jamaica)
arborea var. concinna = C. concinna
arborea var. nigrescens = C. woodwardioides
arborea var. pallida (Jamaica) = C. grevilleana
arborea var. pallida (Malaysia) = C. orientalis
arborescens = C. caudata
archboldii (Malaysia, Pacific)
archboldii var. horrida (Malaysia)
arfakensis (Malaysia)
arfakensis (Alsophila) = C. kanehirae
arfakensis (Polybotrya) = C. biformis
arfakensis (Thysanobotrya) = C. biformis
arguta = C. integra
argyrolepis = C. elmeri
armata (Jamaica)
armata = C. armata or C. microdonta
arthropoda (Malaysia)
arthropterygia = C. hymenodes
aruensis = C. sangirensis
ascendens (Malaysia)
aspera (Jamaica)
asperula = C. furfuracea
assimilis (Malaysia)
assimilis = C. assimilis or C. oosora
atropurpurea (Malaysia)
atrospinosa (Malaysia)
atrox var. atrox (Malaysia)
atrox var. inermis (Malaysia)
auriculifera (Malaysia)
australiensis = C. leichardtiana
australis (Pacific)
australis (Hemitelia) = C. leichardtiana
australis var. cervicalis = C. cooperi
australis var. excelsa = C cooperi
australis var. nigricans = C. robusta
australis var. pallida = C. cooperi
austrosinica = C. spinulosa
baileyana (Pacific)
bakeri = C. lurida
barisanica = C. javanica
barotu = C. vittata
bartlettii = C. obscura
batesii = C. camerooniana var. zenkeri
batjanensis (Malaysia)
beccariana = C. assimilis
beddomei = C. spinulosa
benculensis = C. javanica
x bernardii (Jamaica) (C. arborea x C. armata)
betchei = C. whitmeei
bicolana = C. philippinensis
bicolor = C. fuliginosa
bidentata = C. archboldii
biformis (Malaysia)
biliranensis = C. fuliginosa
binuangensis (Malaysia)
bipinnatifida = C. trichophora
bongardiana = C. mertensiana
bonii = C. podophylla
boninsimensis = C. spinulosa
bontocensis = C. philippinensis
borneensis (Asia, Malaysia)
brackenridgei (Pacific)
brassii = C. sangirensis
brauseana = C. wengiensis
brevifoliolata = C. raciborskii
breviloba = C. integra
brevipes = C. caudata
brevipinna (Pacific)
brittoniana = C. furfuracea
brooksii = C. squamulata
brownii (Pacific)
brunnea = C. hornei
brunoniana (Asia)
brunoniana = C. brunoniana or C. chinensis
brunonis = C. moluccana
bulusanensis = C. integra
bunnemeijerii (Malaysia)
burbidgei (Alsophila) = C. ramispina or C. wallacei
burbidgei (Cyathea) = C. trichodesma or C. wallacei
burbidgei (Gymnosphaera) = C. wallacei
burkei = C. dregei
buruensis = C. sangirensis
callosa (Malaysia)
calocoma = C. lepifera
camaguinensis = C. callosa
camerooniana var. aethiopica (Africa)
camerooniana var. camerooniana (Africa)
camerooniana var. congi (Africa)
camerooniana var. currorii (Africa)
camerooniana var. occidentalis (Africa)
camerooniana var. ugandensis (Africa)
camerooniana var. zenkeri (Africa)
campanulata = C. mossambicensis
campbellii = C. loheri
capensis (Africa)
capensis (Malaysia) = C. raciborskii
capitata (Malaysia)
caracasana (Jamaica)
carrii (Malaysia)
catillifera (Malaysia)
caudata (Malaysia)
caudiculata = C. callosa or C. heterochlamydea
caudiculata var. congi = C. camerooniana var. congi
caudipinnula = C. javanica
celebica (Malaysia, Pacific)
celebica = C. celebica or C. teysmannii
cheilanthoides = C. macgregorii
chinensis (Asia)
christii (Malaysia)
christii (Alsophila) = C. elmeri (not C. christii)
cincinnata (Malaysia)
cinerea (Malaysia)
clementis = C. contaminans
coactilis (Malaysia)
colensoi (Pacific)
commutata = C. recommutata
comosa (Asia) = C. khasyana
comosa (Malaysia) = C. elmeri or C. squamulata
concinna (Jamaica)
concinna (Malaysia) = C. sangirensis
confluens = C. modesta
confucii = C. spinulosa
congoensis (Alsophila) = C. camerooniana var. aethiopica
conquisita (Jamaica)
contaminans (Asia, Malaysia)
contaminans var. brunoniana = C. brunoniana
contaminans var. inermis = C. brunoniana
contaminans var. longepaleata = C. sarasinorum
contaminans var. persquamulifera = C. persquamulifera
cooperi (Pacific)
costalisora (Malaysia)
costularis = C. chinensis
costulisora (Malaysia)
crenulata (Malaysia)
crenulata (Alsophila) = C. raciborskii (not C. crenulata)
crenulata (Hemitelia) = C. raciborskii (not C. crenulata)
crenulata f. latissima = C. oinops
crenulata f. squamulosa = C. oinops
crenulata f. subspinulosa = C. apiculata
crinita (Asia)
crinita (Malaysia) = C. tomentosa
cucullifera (Malaysia)
cumingii = C. medullaris
cunninghamii (Pacific)
curranii (Malaysia)
curvipinnula = C. aeneifolia
cyclodonta = C. leucotricha
dealbata (Pacific)
decipiens = C. spinulosa
deckenii (Africa)
decurrens (Pacific)
decurrens subsp. epaleata (Pacific)
decurrens var. vaupelii (Pacific)
debilis = C. junghuhniana
deminuens (Malaysia)
densisora = C. tripinnata
denticulata = C. hancockii
deorsilobata = C. medullaris
deuterobrooksii = C. squamulata
dicksonioides (Malaysia)
dimorpha (Malaysia)
dimorphophylla = C. hornei
dimorphotricha = C. elmeri
dinagatensis = C. polypoda
discophora (Malaysia)
dissitifolia = C. hornei
dissoluta (Jamaica)
distans = C. crenulata
doctersii (Malaysia)
dregei (Africa)
dubia (Alsophila) = C. glabra
dubia (Stenochlaena) = C. biformis
dulitensis = C. assimilis
dupaxensis = C. caudata
dura = C. fuliginosa
d’urvillei = C. affinis
edanoi (Malaysia)
elegans = C. grevilleana
elliptica (Malaysia)
elmeri (Malaysia)
eminens = C. sangirensis
eriophora (Malaysia)
estelae (Jamaica)
everta (Malaysia)
excavata (Malaysia)
excelsa (Alsophila) = C. brownii
excelsa (Cyathea) = C. crenulata
excelsa var. cooperi = C. cooperi
exilis (Pacific)
extensa (Malaysia) = C. junghuhniana
extensa (Pacific) = C. medullaris
faberiana = C. oinops
fadenii (Africa)
falcata = C. integra
fallax = C. junghuhniana
fauriei = C. spinulosa
feani (Pacific)
felina (Pacific) (= C. sangirensis (Malaysia)?)
fenicis (Malaysia)
fenicis = C. elmeri or C. fenicis
ferox = C. microdonta
ferruginea (Malaysia)
ferrugineoides = C. ferruginea
foersteri (Malaysia)
formosana = C. metteniana
foxworthyi = C. callosa
francii = C. intermedia
fructuosa = C. loheri
fugax (Malaysia)
fujiiana = C. fenicis
fuliginosa (Malaysia)
funebris (Cyathea) = C. albifrons
funebris (Fourniera) = C. novae-caledoniae
furfuracea (Jamaica)
fuscopaleata = C. moluccana
gaudichaudi = C. moluccana
geluensis (Malaysia)
geppiana = C. batjanensis
gibbsiae = C. biformis
gigantea (Asia, Malaysia)
glaberrima (Malaysia)
glabra (Malaysia)
glabra (Alsophila) = C. gigantea or C. glabra
glabra (Gymnosphaera) = C. glabra or C. polypoda
glabra var. cavaleriana = C. metteniana
glabrescens = C. squamulata
glauca (Asia) = C. contaminans or C. brunoniana
glauca (Malaysia) = C. contaminans or C. tenggerensis
glauca var. celebica = C. contaminans
glauca var. densa = C. contaminans
glauca var. longepaleata = C. sarasinorum
glauca var. microloba = C. contaminans
glauca var. setulosa = C. contaminans
glauca var. squamulata = C. contaminans
glauca var. squamulosa = C. contaminans
glauca var. trichocarpa = C. contaminans
glaucophylla = C. junghuhniana
gleichenioides (Malaysia)
globosora = C. everta
gracilescens = C. parvula
gracilis (Jamaica)
gracilis = C. gracilis or C. parvula
gracillima = C. macgillivrayi
grantii = C. medullaris
gregaria (Malaysia)
grevilleana (Jamaica)
haenkei = C. lunulata
haenkei var. angustata = C. tenggerensis
hainanensis (Asia)
halconensis (Malaysia)
hallieri = C. ramispina
hancockii (Asia)
harrisii (Jamaica)
havilandii (Malaysia)
helferiana = C. gigantea
hemichlamydea = C. borneensis
henryi (Asia)
heterochlamydea (Malaysia)
heteroloba = C. philippinensis
heteromorpha = C. recommutata
heterophylla = C. lurida
hewittii = C. recommutata
hieronymi = C. wengiensis
hilleana = C. cooperi
holstii (Alsophila) = C. humilis
holstii (Cyathea) = C. mossambicensis
holttumii = C. elliptica
hooglandii (Malaysia)
hookeri (Asia)
hornei (Malaysia, Pacific)
horridipes = C. alderwereltii
horridula (Malaysia)
howeana (Pacific)
humilis (Africa)
humilis var. pycnophylla (Africa)
hunsteiniana (Malaysia)
hunsteiniana (Alsophila) = C. rubiginosa (not C. hunsteiniana)
hymenodes (Malaysia)
hypocrateriformis = C. integra
hystricosa = C. woodwardioides
imbricata (Malaysia)
incisocrenata = C. vieillardii
incisoserrata (Malaysia)
indrapurae = C. apiculata
indusiosa = C. loheri
infesta = C. aspera
inquinans (Malaysia)
insingnis (Jamaica)
insulana (Malaysia)
integra (Malaysia)
integra = C. integra or C. tripinnatifida or C. zamboangana
interjecta = C. albifrons
intermedia (Pacific)
jamaicensis (Jamaica)
jamaicensis = C. concinna or C. jamaicensis
janseniana = C. alternans
javanica (Malaysia)
javanica (Amphicosmia) = C. junghuhniana (not C. javanica)
javanica (Hemitelia) = C. junghuhniana (not C. javanica)
javanica var. rigida = C. crenulata
junghuhniana (Malaysia)
junghuhniana var. dissoluta = C. raciborskii

SPECIES OF THE GENUS CYATHEA REFERRED TO IN THE
‘TREEFERNS DOWN UNDER’ SITE

Listed below in bold type are ‘current’ (as per the documents listed on the home page) names of 294 species (subspecies, varieties & hybrids) in the genus Cyathea from Africa, Asia, Jamaica, Malaysia & the Pacific (including Australasia). More information may be found on the appropriate web pages for each region.
Specific names which are not in bold type represent names which have been misapplied (for one reason or another) to species of Cyathea in these regions. (Some generic names which have commonly been misapplied to the genus Cyathea in the past include Alsophila, Amphicosmia, Cnemidaria, Fourniera, Gymnosphaera, Hemitelia, Nephelea, Schizocaena, Sphaeropteris and Trichopteris.)

kanehirae (Malaysia)
kanehirae (Pacific) = C. aramaganensis
kemberangana = C. polypoda
kenepaiana = C. ramispina
kermadacensis (Pacific)
keysseri = C. macgregorii
khasyana (Asia)
kinabaluensis = C. moluccana
kingii = C. lurida or C. werneri
klossii (Malaysia)
kohchangensis = C. podophylla
korthalsii = C. hymenodes or C. loheri
laciniata = C. aneitensis
laeta = C. squamulata
lamprocaulon = C. metteniana
lanaensis = C. fuliginosa
lanuginosa = C. tomentosa
lastreoides = C. latebrosa
latebrosa (Asia, Malaysia)
latebrosa (Asia) = C. latebrosa or C. nilgirensis
latebrosa (Malaysia) = C. junghuhniana or C. latebrosa
latebrosa var. batjanensis = C. amboinensis
latebrosa var. denudata = C. borneensis
latebrosa var. indusiata = C. hymenodes
latebrosa var. major = C. elmeri
latebrosa var. ornata = C. incisoserrata
latebrosa var. schmidiana = C. nilgirensis
latebrosa var. walkerae = C. walkerae
latipinnula (Malaysia)
laurentiorum = C. manniana
ledermannii (Malaysia)
ledermannii (Alsophila) = C. hornei (not C. ledermannii)
ledermannii (Hemitelia) = C. macrophylla (not C. ledermannii)
leichardtiana (Pacific)
lenormandii = C. albifrons
lepidigera = C. fuliginosa
lepidoclada (Malaysia)
lepidotricha = C. novae-caledoniae
lepifera (Asia, Malaysia)
leptolepia = C. latebrosa
leucocarpa = C. latebrosa
leucolepis (Pacific)
leucophaes = C. crenulata
leucostegia = C. tripinnata
leucotricha (Malaysia)
x lewisii (Jamaica) (C. arborea x C. aspera)
leytensis = C. tripinnata
lobata = C. apoensis
lobbiana = C. alternans
loddigesii = C. australis
loerzingii (Malaysia)
loheri (Asia, Malaysia)
loheri var. tonglonensis = C. fuliginosa
longipaleata = C. muelleri
longipes (Malaysia)
longipes = C. longipes or C. macropoda
longipinna = C. latebrosa
lunulata (Malaysia, Pacific)
lunulata = C. junghuhniana or C. lunulata
lunulata subsp. vitiensis (Pacific)
lurida (Malaysia)
macarthurii (Pacific)
macarthurii = C. leichardtiana or C. macarthurii
macgillivrayi (Malaysia)
macgregorii (Malaysia)
macrophylla (Malaysia)
macrophylla var. quadripinnata (Malaysia)
macropoda (Malaysia)
magna (Malaysia)
magnifolia (Malaysia)
manilensis = C. caudata
manniana (Africa)
manniana = C. deckenii or C. manniana
x marcescens (Pacific) (C. australis x C. cunninghamii)
margarethae = C. trichodesma
masapilidensis (Malaysia)
mearnsii = C. halconensis
media (Malaysia)
medullaris (Pacific)
medullaris var. tripinnata = C. mertensiana
megalosora (Malaysia)
melanacantha = C. aeneifolia var. melanacantha
melanocaulos = C. hornei
melanoclada = C. hornei
melanophlebia = C. halconensis
melanopus = C. junghuhniana
melanorachis = C. lurida
merapiensis = C. junghuhniana
merrillii = C. heterochlamydea
mertensiana (Asia)
metteniana (Asia)
microchlamys (Malaysia)
microdonta (Jamaica)
microlepidota (Pacific)
microphylloides (Malaysia)
microsepala = C. parvula
mildbraedii (Africa)
milnei (Pacific)
mindanensis = C. fuliginosa
minuscula = C. parvula
mitrata = C. loheri
modesta (Malaysia)
mollis = C. trichophora
moluccana (Malaysia)
moniliformis = C. insignis
monstrabila = C. dissoluta
montana = C. costulisora
moorei (Alsophila) = C. leichardtiana
moorei (Cyathea) = C. macarthurii
moorei (Hemitelia) = C. howeana
muelleri (Malaysia)
muricata = C. aspera or C. furfuracea
naumannii = C. lunulata
negrosiana (Malaysia)
neocaledonica = C. vieillardii
nicklesii (Africa)
nigrescens = C. woodwardioides
nigricans (Pacific)
nigrolineata (Malaysia)
nigropaleata (Malaysia)
nigrospinulosa = C. tripinnatifida
nilgirensis (Asia)
nitens = C. aspera
nitida = C. aspera
nockii (Jamaica)
novae-caledoniae (Pacific)
novoguineensis = C. geluensis
obliqua (Malaysia)
obscura (Malaysia)
obtusata = C. borneensis
obtusiloba (Africa)
ogurae (Asia)
oinops (Malaysia)
okiana = C. sangirensis
oldhami = C. khasyana
oligocarpia = C. oinops
oligosora = C. squamulata
olivacea = C. hornei
oosora (Malaysia)
ordinata = C. magna
orientalis (Malaysia)
ornata (Asia) = C. khasyana
ornata (Malaysia) = C. incisoserrata
ornata var. sikkimensis = C. incisoserrata
pachyrrhachis (Malaysia)
paleacea = C. havilandii
paleata = C. apiculata
palembanica = C. javanica
pallidipaleata (Malaysia)
paraphysata = C. squamulata
paraphysophora = C. alderwereltii
parksiae (Pacific)
parva (Malaysia)
parvifolia = C. deminuens
parvula (Jamaica)
parvula var. microsepala = C. parvula
patellifera (Malaysia)
pendula (Jamaica)
peranemiformis = C. microphylloides
percrassa (Malaysia)
perpelvigera (Malaysia)
perpunctulata (Malaysia)
persquamulata = C. subdubia
persquamulifera (Malaysia)
philippinensis (Malaysia)
physolepidota (Malaysia)
pilulifera (Malaysia)
pinnata = C. moluccana
plagiostegia (Pacific)
plagiostegia = C. alta or C. plagiostegia
podophylla (Asia)
poiensis = C. trichophora
polycampta = C. gigantea
polycarpa = C. crenulata
polydonta = C. hancockii
polyneuron = C. medullaris
polyphlebia = C. sangirensis
polypoda (Malaysia)
ponapeana = C. lunulata
principis = C. camerooniana var. aethiopica
procera (Malaysia)
producta = C. caracasana
propinqua (Pacific)
pruinosa (Malaysia)
pseudoalbizzia = C. robinsonii
pseudobrunonis = C. moluccana
pseudomuelleri (Malaysia)
pteridioides = C. lepifera
pubescens (Jamaica)
pulcherrima (Malaysia)
pulchra = C. obscura
pumilio = C. albidosquamata
punctulata (Malaysia)
pustulosa = C. lepifera
pycnoneura (Malaysia)
quadripinnatifida = C. celebica
raciborskii (Malaysia)
raiateensis = C. affinis
ramispina (Malaysia)
ramosiana = C. philippinensis
ramosii = C. trichophora
rapaensis = C. affinis
rebeccae (Malaysia, Pacific)
rebeccae var. commutata = C. baileyana
rebeccae var. lobulata = C. rebeccae
recommutata (Malaysia)
recurvata (Malaysia)
reducta = C. glabra
rheosora = C. podophylla
ridleyi = C. squamulata
rigens (Malaysia)
rigida = C. havilandii
robertsiana (Pacific)
robinsonii (Malaysia)
robusta (Pacific)
robusta (Malaysia) = C. junghuhniana
robusta var. norfolkiana = C. brownii
rosenstockii (Alsophila) = C. ascendens (not C. rosenstockii)
rubella (Malaysia)
rubiginosa (Malaysia)
rudimentaris = C. latebrosa
rufopannosa (Malaysia)
rugosula = C. lunulata
rumphiana = C. sangirensis
saccata (Malaysia)
salletii (Asia)
salticola = C. alderwereltii
samoensis = C. alta or C. affinis or C. whitmeei
sangirensis (Malaysia) (= C. felina (Pacific)?)
saparuensis = C. batjanensis
sarasinorum (Malaysia)
sarawakensis (Alsophila) = C. squamulata
sarawakensis (Cyathea) = C. alternans
sarawakensis (Gymnosphaera) = C. squamulata
scaberula = C. sangirensis
scaberulipes = C. sangirensis
scabra = C. medullaris
scabriseta = C. sangirensis
scandens (Malaysia)
schanschin = C. harrisii
schizochlamys = C. sumatrana
schlechteri (Malaysia)
schliebenii (Africa)
schliebenii = C. fadenii or C. schliebenii
sclerolepis = C. vieillardii
scottiana = C. khasyana
sellae = C. manniana
semiamplectens (Malaysia)
senex (Malaysia)
sepikensis = C. geluensis
serra = C. arborea
x sessilifolia (Jamaica) (C. parvula x Cnemidaria horrida)
sessilipinnula = C. suluensis
setchellii = C. vaupelii
setulosa (Malaysia)
sherringii = C. caracasana
sibuyanensis (Malaysia)
sikkimensis = C. khasyana
singalanensis = C. modesta
sinuata (Asia)
smithiana = C. contaminans
smithii (Pacific)
societarum = C. medullaris
solomonensis (Pacific)
spinifera = C. alderwereltii
spinulosa var. muriculata = C. crenulata
squamicosta = C. fuliginosa
squamulata (Malaysia)
squamulata = C. recommutata or C. squamulata
stelligera (Pacific)
stipitipinnula (Malaysia)
stipitulata = C. assimilis
stokesii (Pacific)
straminea = C. batjanensis
strigosa (Malaysia)
stuhlmannii = C. C. humilis
subbipinnata = C. elliptica
subbullata = C. decurrens
subcomosa = C. elmeri
subconfluens = C. modesta
subdimorpha = C. lurida
subdubia (Malaysia)
subobscura = C. obscura
subsessilis (Pacific)
subspathulata = C. geluensis
subtripinnata (Malaysia)
subulata = C. recommutata
subuliformis = C. sumatrana
sulitii = C. fuliginosa
suluensis (Malaysia)
sumatrana (Malaysia)
sumatrana (Hemitelia) = C. alderwereltii (not C. sumatrana)
swartziana = C. armata
tahitensis = C. affinis
taiwaniana = C. spinulosa
tanzaniana = C. schliebenii
tenggerensis (Malaysia)
tenuicaulis (Malaysia)
tenuis = C. tenuicaulis
ternatea (Malaysia)
teysmannii (Malaysia)
thomsonii (Africa)
thurstonii = C. affinis
tomentosa (Malaysia)
tomentosa var. novoguineensis = C. magna
tomentosissima (Malaysia)
tonglonensis = C. fuliginosa
toppingii = C. recommutata
trachypoda (Malaysia)
trichodesma (Malaysia)
trichophora (Malaysia)
tricolor = C. dealbata
tripinnata (Malaysia)
truncata (Malaysia) = C. teysmannii
truncata (Pacific)
truncata var. nivea = C. celebica
truncata var. sagittata = C. celebica
tuberculata = C. sumatrana
tussacii (Jamaica)
tussacii var. magnifolia = C. tussacii
uluguruensis = C. humilis
umbrosa (Alsophila) = C. gigantea
umbrosa (Cyathea) = C. lepifera
urdanetensis = C. zamboangana
usambarensis = C. manniana
vandeusenii (Malaysia)
vaupelii (Pacific)
veitchii = C. lunulata
verrucosa (Malaysia)
versteegii = C. runensis
vexans = C. glabra
vieillardii (Pacific)
vitiensis = C. lunulata
vittata (Pacific)
walkerae (Asia)
wallacei (Malaysia)
warihon = C. fuliginosa
welwitschii (Africa)
wengiensis (Malaysia)
whitmeei (Pacific)
Wilkesiana = C. whitmeei
x wilsonii (Jamaica) (C. arborea x Cnemidaria horrida)
womersleyi (Malaysia)
woodwardioides (Jamaica)
woollsiana (Pacific)
yunnanensis = C. chinensis
xanthina = C. squamulata
xantholepia = C. squamulata
xantholepis = C. squamulata
zambesiaca = C. thomsonii
zamboangana (Malaysia)
zollingeriana = C. crenulata or C. oinops