Dr Sanjay National Institute of Technology Jamshedpur

PERSONAL DETAILS
Name		Dr. Sanjay
Qualification	:	Ph.D. in Mechanical Engg.
Designation	:	Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department
Current Employer	:	National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur, INDIA (An organization fully funded by Govt. of India)
Father’s Name	:	Prof. (Dr.) Ramashish Yadav
Date of Birth	:	1^st July 1969 (Age : 39 years)
Address of Correspondence	:	B-30, N.I.T, Campus, National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, INDIA, Pin-831014
Contact Details	:	Email: ritsanjay@yahoo.com , nit.sanjay@gmail.com, ritsanjay@rediffmail.com ': 91-657-2373813 ® Mobile: 91-9430738551 Fax: 91-657-2373246: Webpage: http://oocities.com/ritsanjay/

AREA OF TEACHING/ RESEARCH EXPERTISE:

Internal Combustion Engines and Gas Turbines
Combined Cycle Power Plants
Thermodynamics and Energy Conversion
Engg. Drawing and CAD
Non-Destructive Testing
Welding Technology and Defects in welding

ACADEMIC QUALIFICATION:

*Details of University Qualification:*
*Degree Awarded*	*University*	*Name of Institute*	*Year*	*Class /* *Division Awarded*	*Percentage of Marks*
Bachelor of Engg. (Mechanical)	Gulbarga University, Gulbarga, INDIA	P.D.A College of Engg., Gulbarga	1993	1^st Class	66%
Master of Engg. (Mechanical) Thesis Title: Software Development for Design of Steam Surface Condenser	Allahabad University, Allahabad, INDIA	M.N.R. Engg. College, Allahabad, (Now M.N.N.I.T, Allahabad)	1998	1^st Class	69%
Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D) Mechanical Engg (2005)	Uttar-Pradesh Technical University, Lucknow	Title of Thesis: Thermodynamic Analysis of Gas/Steam Combined Cycle and Cogeneration Plants

Details Pre-University Qualifications:

Degree Awarded

Name of

awarding Board

Name of School

Year of

Passing

Remarks

Indian Secondary Certificate Examination (XII^th)

I.C.S.E Board,

New Delhi,

INDIA

St. Joseph’s College,

Allahabad, INDIA

1987

Details of Schooling
Classes attended From To		School attended	Remarks
1^st Grade	3^rd Grade	St. Anthony School, New Delhi, INDIA
4^th Grade	5^th Grade	St. Joseph’s College, Allahabad, INDIA
6^th Grade	8^th Grade	Int. School, Hoon, LIBYA
9^th Grade	10^th Grade	St. Joseph’s College, Allahabad, INDIA

*Professional Qualification* / Technical and Specialized Skills :
S. No.	Name / Details of Qualification	Certifying Institution/ organization	Year	Remarks
i.	ASNT Level II (Ultrasonic testing)	American Institute of Non-Destructive Testing	1998	Qualified to certify UST of castings, forgings and welded joints.
ii.	Certified Welding Inspector	Welding Research Institute BHEL, Trichy, INDIA	1998	Qualified for inspection of Pressure vessels, structures, pipings etc.
iii.	ASNT Level II (Radiography testing)	American Institute of Non-Destructive Testing	1998	Qualified to certify radiography of castings, forgings and welded joints.

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE:

Around 16 years of rich professional experience has been on credit-both in the industry and educational institution. Industrial experience has been with companies, which are leaders in their area of business. The industries include inspection of oil and gas pipelines, steam and gas turbine, pumps, blower, pressure vessels, structures, etc.

Since joining present teaching assignment at NIT, Jamshedpur around ten years back, I have been engaged in classroom teaching as well as Laboratory Teaching at both UG and P.G levels. The subjects engaged have been:

· Internal Combustion Engines

· Gas Turbines

· Energy Conversion systems

· Engineering Graphics

· Basic Thermodynamics

· Applied Thermodynamics

· Computer Aided Design

· Refrigeration and Air-conditioning

· Project Management and Control

· Turbo-machines

· Non-destructive testing and Welding technology

· Power Plant Engineering

AREAS OF RESEARCH:

Gas Turbine
Combined Cycle Power Plants
CAD of Thermal Systems

*Summary of Employment details*
S.No	Position Held	Employer	Period (approx)	Remarks
1.	Assistant Professor	National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur	Since March 2000 and continuing
2.	Inspection Engineer	Tata Projects Ltd., Hyderabad	1.5 years	Third party inspection of eqpt. worth approx. US$ 400000
3.	Senior Engineer, Inspection	Triveni Engg. And Ind. Ltd. New Delhi	2.5 Years	Inspection of Steam turbines
4.	Engineer (Petroleum Pipelines)	Punj Lloyds Ltd., New Delhi	1 Year	Inspection of cross-country buried petroleum pipeline worth US$ 100000
5.	Assistant Engineer	Syner India Ltd. New Delhi	1 Year	Started working from August 1993

Research/Scholarly Activities:

Books: Co-Authored five textbooks books below, during last sixteen years. My rich industrial experience is reflected in the various books, thus taking the students closer to the real world of Mechanical engineering.

S.No.	Title of Book	Co-Authored	Edition/Year	Publisher
1	Internal Combustion Engine and Air Pollution	Co-Authored Authors: Dr. R. Yadav Dr. Sanjay Er. Rajay	2^nd Edition/ 2002	Central Publishing House, Allahabad
2	Steam & Gas Turbines And Power Plant Engineering	Co-authored Authors: Dr. R.Yadav Dr. Sanjay Er. Rajay	7^th Edition/ 2003	Central Publishing House, Allahabad
3.	Thermodynamics (Basic) Vol.1.	Co-authored Authors: Dr. R.Yadav Dr. Sanjay Er. Rajay	6^th Edition/ 1997	Central Publishing House, Allahabad
4.	Thermodynamics and Heat engines (Applied) Vol. II	Co-authored Authors: Dr. R.Yadav Dr. Sanjay Er. Rajay	5^th Edition/ 2000	CPH, Alld. ISBN-81-85444-03-X
5.	Heat and Mass Transfer	Co-authored Authors: Dr. R.Yadav Dr. Sanjay Er. Rajay	4^th Edition/ 2001	CPH, Alld.

Upcoming Books:

Working on two independents books (one for publication in India and the other in abroad) on Programming in C++ for Engineers and Advances in Combined Cycle Power Plants (Elsevier Press / Springer)

Research Papers:

· I have been engaged in writing research papers since I started my research work and have published over TWENTY papers out of which FIFTEEN papers with the prestigious ASME International, Elsevier journals, and other prestigious international level journals.

Details of Publications in Refereed Journals / Conference Proceedings:

Papers in International Refereed Journals:

[1] Y. Sanjay, Onkar Singh and B.N. Prasad,(2007) Energy and exergy analysis of steam cooled reheat gas–steam combined cycle, Applied Thermal Engineering 27 (2007) 2779 -90. DOI: [ 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2007.03.011], an Elsevier Journal

[2] Sanjay, Onkar Singh, B.N.Prasad, (2008) “Comparative Performance Analysis of Cogeneration Gas Turbine Cycle for Different Blade Cooling Means” International Journal of Thermal Sciences, Volume 48, Issue 7, July 2009, Pages 1432-1440 doi:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2008.11.016

[3] Sanjay, Onkar Singh, B.N Prasad, (2008), “Influence of Different Means of Turbine Blade Cooling on the Thermodynamic Performance of Combined Cycle” Applied Thermal Engineering 28 (2008) 2315–2326. an Elsevier Journal

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2008.01.022

[4] Sanjay, Onkar Singh, B.N.Prasad, (2008) “Thermodynamic Modeling and Simulation of Advanced Combined Cycle for Performance Enhancement” Journal of Power and Energy, Transactions of Institution of Mech. Engn.(IMechE), UK, Vol. 222 No. A6, pp 541-555.

DOI: 10.1243/09576509JPE593

[5] Sanjay, B.N.Prasad, Onkar Singh, (2009) “Comparative evaluation of gas turbine power plant performance for different blade cooling means ” Journal of Power and Energy, Transactions of Institution of Mech. Engn.(IMechE), UK,. Vol. 223 No. A, pp 71- 82, DOI: 10.1243/09576509JPE671 .

[6] Sanjay, Prabha Kumari, (2008), ‘Passive cooling techniques of buildings: Past and Present- Review’, ARISE Journal of Engineering, Vol. 4 No. 1, pp. 37-46.

[7] Sanjay, Onkar Singh, B.N.Prasad, Parametric analysis of effect of blade cooling means on gas turbine based cogeneration cycle, Journal of the Energy Institute, UK, 2008, Vol. 81, No. 4, pp 197-204. DOI: 101179/14426008X371040.

[8] Sanjay, Aisa Sayed M. Jadi, (2008),’ Programme Accreditation For Improving Quality of Engineering Education ’ ARISE Journal of Engineering, Vol. 4 No. 1, pp. 29-36

[9] Omar MARDAM-BEY, Sanjay and S. Saran, (2008), ‘Impact of Globalization on Engineering Education in Developing Countries, ARISE Journal of Engineering, Vol. 4 No. 1, pp. 99-102.

American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Refereed Papers:

[10] Sanjay, Singh. O. Singh and Prasad. B.N, (2001), “Prediction of Performance of Simple Gas/Steam Combined Cycle and Co-generation Plants with Different Means of Cooling”, Proceedings of ASME’s, 36^th Inter-society Energy Conversion Engineering Conference–2001, ASME Paper No. IECEC-2001-CT-11.

[11] Sanjay, Singh. O. Singh and Prasad. B.N, (2003), “Thermodynamic evaluation of advanced combined cycle using latest gas turbine”, Proceedings of ASME’s, Turbo-Exposition 2003, ASME Paper No. GT2003-38096.

[12] Sanjay, Singh. O. Singh and Prasad. B.N, (2004), “Thermodynamic Evaluation of Combined Cycle using Different Methods of Steam Cooling”, Proceedings of ASME’s, Power-2003, ASME Paper no. PWR2004-52152

[13] Sanjay, Singh. O. Singh and Prasad. B.N, (2003), “Performance enhancement of advanced combined cycles”, Proceedings of ASME’s IJPGC-2003, ASME Paper No.: IJPGC2003-40117.

[4] Sanjay, Singh. O. Singh and Prasad. B.N, (2004), “Performance of integrated combined and cogeneration Cycles using latest gas turbines”, Proceedings of ASME’s, Turbo-Exposition 2004, ASME Paper No. GT2004-53312.

[15] Sanjay, Singh. O. Singh and Prasad. B.N, (2003), “Thermodynamic Performance of Complex gas turbine cycles”, Proceedings of ASME’s IJPGC-2002, ASME Paper No.: IJPGC2002-26109.

Conference Papers (Abroad):

[16] Sanjay, Onkar Singh, Rajay, (2008), “Thermodynamic Evaluation of Advanced Combined Cycle Burning Hydrogen” Proceedings of 19^th Annual Hydrogen Conference, Sacramento, California, USA, Paper no. 3744-2008.

[17] Sanjay, Mukul Agarwal, Rajay, (2008), “Energy and Exergy Analysis of Brayton-Diesel Cycle”, Proceedings of the International Conference on Chemical Engineering-2008, San Francisco, USA (ICEC-2008), Paper Id. : ICEC_7

Conference Papers (National and International) in INDIA:

[18] Sanjay, (1997), “Implementation of SPC in a medium & large scale Engg. Industry- a case study”, International Conference on Quality Engineering and Management, ICQEM-97, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Allied Publisher.

[19] Sanjay, Anjani Kumar, Prabha Kumari,(2007), “A novel approach to environmental risk management in the petroleum sector”, Proceedings of Institution of Engineer’s Conf. on Eco-Friendly Manufacturing 2007, pp 129-136.

[20] Sanjay, V. Prakash, J.K.Chabra, “Implementation of SPC in T.E.I.L Naini”, Proceedings of XII^th National Convection of Mechanical Engg., MNREC, Allahabad, 1997, Vol-II Section V, pp 151-162, Institution of Engineers, India

[21] Sanjay, Prabha Kumari, (2007), “Solar Passive Cooling Techniques as Applied to Buildings- a Review” Proceedings of National Conf. On New and Renewable Energy, BIT, Mesra, pp 90-97.

[22] Sanjay, B.N.Prasad, 2007, “The need for new perspective and initiative in relating engineering education with industry”, Proceedings of National Workshop of Industry-Institute-Interaction 2007, pp 155-161.

Papers in Journals under/to be Review:

[23] Sanjay, Onkar Singh, B.N.Prasad, “Exergy analysis of cooled gas turbine based combined cycle for different plant operating parameters” – To be submitted to Intl. Jrnl. of Thermal Science, – an Elsevier Journal

[24] Sanjay, Onkar Singh, B.N.Prasad, “Performance analysis of intercooled gas turbine based combined cycle power plant” – To be submitted to Journal of Applied Thermal Engineering – an Elsevier Journal

[25] Sanjay, Onkar Singh, B.N.Prasad, “Investigations on different gas-steam combined cycles employing different gas turbine cooling means” To be submitted to Intl. Jrnl of Thermal Science, – an Elsevier Journal

[26] Sanjay, Onkar Singh, B.N.Prasad, “Thermodynamic evaluation of gas / steam combined cycle for different bottoming cycle pressure and reheat parameters” in writing stage, will be ready in two months

[27] Sanjay, Onkar Singh, B.N.Prasad, “Parametric analysis of gas / steam combined cycle based on bottoming cycle parameters” in writing stage, will be ready in two months

Teaching/Courseware development:

· Developed a software package/learning resource to compute the various steam properties for the complete range in Mollier Chart with students.

· Developed a software package / learning resource to compute to residual unbalance in rotors with students.

GRANTS : Travel Grant (100%) from A.I.C.T.E, New Delhi to present paper at ASME’s POWER Conference at Baltimore, USA in 2004

FOREIGN TRAVEL / ASSIGNMENTS:

Presented paper PWR2004-52152 in Baltimore USA. During this trip to USA visited the prestigious University of Maryland, College Park, Manhattan College, Bronx, St. John Hopkins University, Baltimore. Also visited Washington DC, New York City and Atlantic City.

Presented paper # ICEC_7, at the University of California, Berkeley, USA during October 2008. During the trip visited Stanford, Caltech, San Jose State University other than UC, Berkeley. Delivered an invited talk at the Mechanical and Aerospace Engg. Department, at San Jose State University, USA.

PROJECT / THESIS GUIDANCE:

Bachelor of Technology Project Guidance Details:

i. Design and development of statistical quality control (SQC) software, Mech. Engg. Deptt., @ MNREC Allahabad, (as an industrial co-guide)1997.

ii. Design of Steam Properties Database for Cycle Analysis of Steam Turbine Power Plant- –(B.Mudholkar et al.), Mech. Engg. Deptt., 2002.

iii. Software development for determination of residual unbalance of rotating discs – Mech. Engg. Deptt., (Dupan Mukharjee et al.) 2003

iv. Millimeter Scale Gas Turbine – Kartikayan et al. Mech. Engg. Deptt.,2004.

v. Micro-Gas Turbine Integrated with Fuel Cell – Sudhir Kumar et al., Mech. Engg. Deptt., 2005.

vi. Design and Fabrication of Evaporative Cooling System for Heavy Vehicles Application- (P.Poturaju et al.)- Mech. Engg. Deptt. 2006.

vii. Experimental Investigation of Solar Passive cooling of building using alternative materials, (Ashok Kumar et al.) Mech. Engg. Deptt. 2007.

Master of Technology (M.S level) thesis Guidance Details :

i. “Computer Integrated Layered Manufacturing- An Adaptive Slicing Procedure”- S. Rachaih, Mech. Engg. Deptt., 2002

ii. “NURBS Based Curves and Surfaces Interpolation for CAD Interface”, (B.V.Murty) Mech. Engg. Deptt. , 2004

iii. “Cycle Analysis of Gas Turbine-Fuel Cell Hybrid Micro Generation System – B.V Prasad,” Mech. Engg. Deptt., 2005

iv. “Optimization of Metallurgical Parameters to Improve Machinability of Gray Cast Iron Castings” – (S. Chaterjee), Mech. Engg. Deptt., 2005

v. “Finite Difference Approximation of 2-Dimensional Steady State Heat conduction with Heat Generation” – (Anil Kumar), Mech. Engg. Deptt. , 2006

vi. “CFD Simulation of Heating and Cooling of Batch Annealing Furnace” (A.K Dubey), Mech. Engg. Deptt. , 2006

vii. “Software Development and Analysis of Two-Dimensional Structures using Material Data in Abacus” (Gopesh Tulsiyan) Mech. Engg. Deptt., 2006

viii “Energy and Exergy Analysis of Advanced Gas Turbine Based Cycles”, (Mukul Agrawal) Mech. Engg. Deptt., 2007.

ix. “ Analysis of Accidents in Steel Industry Globally and their Management Strategies” (Shambhu Kumar, 2008.

x. “ Productivity improvement in Steel Plant Through Value Engineering – a case study” , (A.K. Singh), 2007.

xi. “Overall Performance Improvement of Technical Institution- a case study” (Md. Ali Zahid), 2008

xii. “Study of Effect of Training on Human Resource Development”, (J.C. Nayak), 2008.

xiii. “Thermodynamic Analysis of the Effect of Ambient Conditions on Simple Cycle Gas Turbine Performance” (Satish Kumar) , 2008.

xiv. “Application of Reverse Engineering and CAE for Product Design and Development”, Shaik Abdul Afeej (2009)

LABORATORIES DEVELOPED:

Retrofitting of Petrol and Diesel Engines in Internal Combustion Engine Lab.

WORKSHOPS / SEMINAR ATTENDED:

AICTE/ISTE –STTP 2001-02 on “Industrial Productivity Improvement Through Innovative Techniques” held at R.I.T, Jamshedpur (now NIT) during 17^th –30^th June 2002.
AICTE/ISTE –STTP on “Applications of CAD/CAM & Robotics in Industries” held at R.I.T, Jamshedpur (now NIT) during 3^rd –15^th June 2002.
IUCEE/ISTE – Workshop on “Effective Teaching - Faculty Development” held at Global Education Centre , INFOSYS Bangalore, 29^th June – 3^rd July 2009.

PATENTS : Applied for patent of “Design and development of Evaporative cooling system ” application.

SHORT-TERM COURSES ORGANIZED:

Coordinator for an ISTE Teacher’s Induction Training Programme 3-week short term course on “Teacher’s Role in Engineering Education” 25^th Dec-2000 to 13^th Jan-2001.

Affiliations/Memberships of Professional bodies:

Life Member of Institution of Engineers (INDIA) and Member of Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Membership No. 7007210009

Honors / Distinction / Recognition by International bodies:

Invited to feature in the “Marquis Who’s Who in Science & Engineering”, published by Marquis Who’s Who, Publ. New Jersey, USA http://www.marquiswhoswho.com/

VOLUNTARY Work:

Reviewer of technical papers for ASME’s Journal of Energy Resources Technology
Reviewer of technical papers published at ASME’s Turbo Expo-2004 Vienna, Austria
Faculty advisor for the SAE Collegiate Chapter at NIT, Jamshedpur since 2007.

Extra-curricular activities & Additional assignments:

Management and Institutional development:

*Position held*	*Nature of work*	*Period*
Curricular/ laboratory In-charge	Syllabus development committee for M. Tech. programme in “Energy Conversion System and Management”	2006
Purchase Committee	Member of Institute’s Computer-Center Purchase Committee	2003-continuing
	Member of Vehicles Purchase Committee	2003-continuing
	Member of Departmental Purchase Committee	2005- continuing
Administrative committees	Coordinator, for Part-Time M.Tech. course in “Production Management”	2003-2005
Administrative committees	Member Post-Graduate Academic Committee	2003 Onwards
Admission Committee	Member Under-Graduate Admission Committee	2001-2002
Admission Committee	Member Online U.G Counseling Committee	2003
Student services including Warden	Warden of Boys Hostel	2003- 2008
Course Coordinator	Coordinator, for Part-Time M.Tech. course in “Production Management”	2003-2005
Participation in admission tests/ all India entrance Examination	Appointed Observer for Engg. Entrance Test-Bihar-2001	2001
	Participated in various All-India Admission tests conducted at the Institute from time to time eg. JEE, AIEEE, JET-Orissa etc.	2001 to 2006
Any other administrative position	Member Post-Graduate Academic Committee Faculty In-Charge Academic Collaborations	2003 onwards 2008 onwards

Future plan for teaching, R & D and consultancy:

(a) Teaching/Courseware development :

Developed a software package/learning resource to compute the various steam properties for the complete range in Mollier Chart.

(b) Research & Development :

· Supervising a few PhD. candidates

· Presently supervising four Post-Graduate students in Thesis work.

· Planning to develop expertise in the area of Energy auditing as per IEEE standard ( IEEE-739-1995)

· Planning to develop an EXPERT system for energy auditing of different types of process plants/ equipments and manufacturing industries.

· Capable of taking up Inspection of all types of rotating and reciprocation machines (compressor, turbine, pumps etc.) for final inspection before dispatch as third party inspection service provider. Also capable of doing the same for welded vessels and structures as per applicable code.

Foreign Language Abilities/ Skills:

Can speak a few words in Arabic which I picked up during my stay in Libya as a boy, when my father, Dr. R Yadav was a visiting professor at the Higher Institute of Electrical and Mechanical Hoon, Libya.

Having good programming skill in C++, C, Turbo Pascal. Learning Matlab and FLUENT CFD, Thermoflex and GateCycle software packages. Proficient with Windows, MS-Word, Excel, ORIGIN, etc.

Interest and Hobbies:

A passionate photographer in both 35mm and Digital formats since teenage. Play table-tennis very well.

Have a passion for travel to various places of architectural / historical interest. Visited Italy (Rome, Naples), Libya (Hoon, Tripoli, Tobruk), USA(Washington, New York, Baltimore, Atlantic City, San Francisco, Reno, San Jose, Berkeley), and many other places in India. Was a enthusiastic stamp collector as a boy. Listening to various forms of music and can sing reasonably well.

Participated in various events, eg. Drama, Dumb-charades, solo-singing etc. during annual festivals in various companies during my career.

References:

· Prof. N.K.Jha,

Professor Mechanical Engg. Deptt. Manhattan College, Riverdale, NY 10471, USA.

E-mail: njha@manhattan.edu Phone: 718-862-7441,

http://www.engineering.manhattan.edu/mechanical/faculty/jha.html

· Rakesh K. Singh, Ph.D., P.E.
Lead, Liquid Applications R&D, Entegris, Inc.
129 Concord Road, Bldg. 2
Billerica, MA 01821, USA
Phone: 978.436.6556, Fax: 978.436.5745 Email: rakesh_singh@entegris.com

· Prof. J.N.Yadav,

Prof and Head, Mechanical Engg. Department,

National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur, INDIA

Phone: +91-657-2373155, jnyadav@gmail.com

· Prof. Onkar Singh

Prof. And Head of Mechanical Engg. Department,

H.B.T.I, Kanpur, INDIA

Phone:+ 91- 9415114011 Email: onkpar@rediffmail.com

· Prof. B.N. Prasad

Prof. of Mechanical Engg. Department,

National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur, INDIA

Phone: +91-9431344731 Email: bnprasad_fme@yahoo.co.in

Dr. Sanjay’s Teaching Philosophy

You cannot teach a man anything; you can only help him find it within himself. -Galileo

A teacher affects eternity; he can never tell where his influence stops. -Henry Brooks Adams

Education is a social process ...Education is growth ... Education is, not a preparation for life; education is life itself. -John Dewey

Professional Philosophy Statement: To make a difference in people’s lives through expert advice, personal empowerment, and compassion.

Reflections on Distinctive Teaching

I am a teacher. I live and breathe to have a positive impact on my students. I love teaching. My greatest satisfactions come from watching students progress and evolve into more learned adults.

Am I the best teacher at this Institute? No, not by far. I am still learning, still evolving as a teacher. Is my teaching distinctive? Yes. I constantly innovate in my classroom, develop and enhance course materials and projects, introduce new courses into the curriculum, and advise, counsel, and mentor my students, former students, and alumni.

Since I have been at NIT, Jamshedpur, I have always told my students that my top priority is to help them learn and to value the learning experience. My role is as a facilitator of student learning whose commitment is to empower students by providing a supportive, active, and applied learning environment. In many ways, however, I feel I am an even better teacher outside the classroom than in it. While I feel I do an excellent job in the classroom teaching engineering, I frequently do an even better job outside the classroom counseling students about careers, educational opportunities, and life.

A small institute such as NIT, Jamshedpur -- that emphasizes an educational environment of trust, support, and respect in which teacher and students learn cooperatively from one another -- is the ideal place for me to teach. I have a need and desire to know each individual who comes into my classroom to learn. I need to know if students are having problems, either with the course material or with other concerns, that will hinder their educational process. And I need to know when my students are succeeding, so I can share the joy of learning and personal growth that I see in them so often. It is these faculty-student partnerships that are a hallmark of my experience at Jamshedpur.

In each of my classes, I also stress "real world" applicability through textbook selection, in-class examples and discussions, case analyses, experiential exercises, and class projects. For example, my Internal Combustion Engine and Gas Turbine students are required to come up with interesting articles on the subject available on the internet and in journals/standards thus focusing on self-learning, to a certain extent.

I also try to be as accessible to my students as possible, whether through office hours, by telephone (home or office), or electronically. I take my role of teacher and adviser very seriously, and the students know I am available to them when they need it.

Some of my favorite comments from the many course evaluations since joining in 2000 are:

Dr. Sanjay is an awesome teacher! Very nice, approachable, and very knowledgeable.
This is what college is supposed to be about – collaborative learning, stimulating discussions, professors learning with students.
Dr. Sanjay made learning the material fun and his enthusiasm made me like Mechanical Engg. even more.
Dr. Sanjay is a real genuine person who is focused on all students receiving an excellent education.

In summary, my goal is to continue improving as a teacher through lifelong learning, serving as a role model for my students in their education and professional quests. I am an educator, role model, mentor… I empower my students to learn and grow as individuals.

Statement of Research Interests

Green Energy Conversion Systems: Towards new and improved energy conversion cycles leading to optimum utilisation of fossil fuel resources

Research Background

The most effective energy conversion technology is, at present, the combined cycles using natural gas as fuel because of their high efficiency, large output and low greenhouse gas emissions. The combined cycle is the synergetic combination of gas turbine as topping cycle and steam turbine as bottoming cycle. Nowadays, combined cycle is also being called “the power plant of twenty-first century”. A high profile development of combined cycle (funded by various government agencies worldwide) is currently in progress by major power plant manufacturing companies. At present, combined cycle power plant employing simple (basic) gas turbine cycle and two or three pressure level reheat steam cycle and having exhaust temperature varying from 850K to 915K yields thermal efficiency ranging from 57 to 60% at ISO conditions. This technology leads to the optimum utilisation of fuel burnt in the gas turbine.

The current emphasis is on the development of gas turbine cycle for further enhancement in its performance, by increasing turbine inlet temperature (TIT), compressor pressure ratio (r_p,c), increased component efficiencies, better materials, better cooling means (medium and techniques), and complex configurations employing intercooling, reheating and recuperation. These developments require active cooling of the hot turbine components in order to avoid a reduction of operating life due to unfavourable combination of oxidation, creep and thermal stresses. However, the coolant flow can become so large that the excess compressor power for compressing coolant can offset the power gains associated with incremental increase of TIT. This necessitates the requirements of better cooling means and techniques along with better materials.

The review of literature on combined and co-generation cycles shows that an extensive research is needed in the direction of enhancement of performance of combined cycles. My PhD work has focused on energy and exergy analysis of combined and cogeneration cycles using different means of turbine blade cooling for various configurations.

The following blade cooling means had been considered: -

1. Open loop cooling

a. Internal convection and impingement air cooling

b. Internal and film air-cooling.

c. Transpiration air-cooling.

d. Internal convection steam cooling

e. Internal convection film steam cooling.

f. Internal convection transpiration steam cooling.

2. Closed loop cooling.

a. Steam cooling.

The thermodynamic analysis of selected configuration of combined and cogeneration systems numbering fourteen, with a combination of some of the seven cooling means have been studied by modeling the various elements of combined cycle for real situations. The models selected/ developed for the elements include for gas, compressor, intercooler, combustor, cooled gas turbines, recuperator, heat recovery steam generator (HRSG), and its optimization, steam turbine, condenser, deaerator, feed-pump, etc. The optimization of HRSG has been performed to find the correct amount of steam generated for single or multi-pressure cases by satisfying the pinch points, minimum allowable stack temperature and minimum allowable quality of steam turbine exhaust, For steam properties a database has been prepared using standard steam tables. The fuel used in the analysis is natural gas. Based on the modelings, the desired parameters of various elements have been obtained/studied, by using mass, energy and exergy balances. Based on these modelings, governing equations have been developed for predicting the performance of combined and cogeneration cycles.

Current and future research interests

Moving forward the areas of research interest have expanded in the following direction:

· Energy, exergy and emission analysis of gas turbine based combined cycles.

· Thermodynamic analysis of biomass and natural-gas based hybrid green energy conversion.

· Thermodynamic analysis of gas turbine based cycles for sustainable energy conversion

· Exergy and emission analysis of various power plant cycles towards green energy conversion systems

Funding for research in this area may be sought from government and private agencies funding preliminary research in green energy conversion cycles eg. Department of Energy in the US, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in India, etc.

ABSTRACT - Ph.D THESIS

Dr. Sanjay

“ Thermodynamic Analysis of Gas/Steam Combined Cycle

and Cogeneration Plants”

Thesis Supervisors:

(1) Dr. Onkar Singh,

Department of Mechanical Engg, Harcourt Butler Technological Institute, Kanpur

(2) Prof. B.N.Prasad ,

Department of Mechanical Engg., National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur

UTTAR PRADESH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW, INDIA

(August, 2005)

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Energy is the driving force of civilization and its efficient utilization is highly desirable in the era of energy crisis. The most effective energy conversion technology is, at present, the combined cycles using natural gas as fuel because of their high efficiency, large output and low emissions. The combined cycle is the synergetic combination of gas turbine as topping cycle and steam turbine as bottoming cycle. Nowadays, combined cycle is also being called “the prime mover of twenty-first century”. A high profile development of combined cycle(funded by various government agencies worldwide) is currently in progress by major power plant manufacturing companies. At present, combined cycle power plant employing simple (basic) gas turbine cycle and two or three pressure level reheat steam cycle and having exhaust temperature varying from 850K to 915K yields thermal efficiency ranging from 57 to 60% at ISO conditions.

The review of literature on combined and co-generation cycles shows that an extensive research is needed in the direction of enhancement of performance of combined cycles. The present work deals with energy and exergy analysis of combined and cogeneration cycles using different means of turbine blade cooling for various configurations. The following cooling means have been considered in the study: -

1. Open loop cooling

a. Internal convection and impingement air cooling

b. Internal and film air-cooling.

c. Transpiration air-cooling.

d. Internal convection steam cooling

e. Internal convection film steam cooling.

f. Internal convection transpiration steam cooling.

2. Closed loop cooling.

a. Steam cooling.

The selected combined and cogeneration configurations include the following:-

(A) Based on basic gas turbine and various multi-pressure steam cycles.

i) Basic gas, single pressure steam cycle (B1P).

ii) Basic gas, dual pressure- reheated steam cycle (B2PR)

v)> Basic gas, triple pressure steam cycle (B3P)

vi) Reheated gas and triple pressure reheated steam cycle(R3PR)

iii) Recuperated gas and triple pressure reheated steam cycle(Rc3PR)

iv) Reheated-recuperated gas and triple pressure reheated steam cycle(RRc3PR)

vii) Intercooled-reheated-recuperated gas, triple pressure reheated steam cycle (IRRc3PR)

For the analysis of cogeneration system, it has been considered that steam is generated at single pressure for process heating work. However, in some situation, a part of steam generated at low pressure is used for process heating work and steam generated at high pressure is used for power production through steam turbine cycle. Such a system is here termed as integrated combined cycle and cogeneration (ICCC) for analysis.

The performance parameters include dependent and independent variables. The independent variables comprise of compressor pressure ratio(r_p,c), intercooling pressure ratio(r_p,lpc), turbine inlet temperature (TIT), gas turbine allowable blade temperature (T_b), reheating pressure ratio(r_p,hpt), blade cooling means, gas turbine exhaust pressure(p_g,exh), HRSG (single and multi) pressure level (1P/2P/3P with and without reheat), steam inlet pressure and temperature (p_s,T_s), reheater steam pressure and temperature(p_RH,T_RH), configurations of combined and cogeneration cycles. The dependent variables include gas turbine cycle efficiency(h_gt), and specific work(W_gc), steam turbine cycle efficiency (h_st), and specific work(W_sc), combined cycle plant efficiency ((h_plant), and specific work(W_plant), fuel utilization efficiency(FUE), power-to-heat-ratio(PHR), mass of coolant to gas ,mass of steam generated to gas , specific fuel consumption (sfc), stack gas temperature(T_stack), exergy(W), component exergy loss(W_L), exergetic efficiency(h_ex), etc. Therefore, the scope of the present work may be expressed mathematically as,

(W_gc , W_sc,W_plant, h_gt, h_sc, h_plant, W, W_L, , , h_ex ,PHR, FUE, etc. )

= f (r_p,c, TIT, T_b, r_p,lpc, T_stack, Turbine cooling means, p_s, T_s, and configurations, etc.)

Based on modellings and governing equations, an interactive, menu-driven and modular software code has been written in C++ language to obtain the desired results by using input parameters taken from research papers and manufacture’s manuals. The results obtained from the software have been validated from the available data of gas turbine manufactures and research papers and results are in good agreement. Finally, the results have been plotted in the form of graphs, bar charts and tables.

A brief discussion of results and conclusions are given below:

Whatever be the configuration of combined cycles, the coolant requirement has been found minimum with transpiration steam cooling followed by film steam cooling, convection/closed loop steam cooling, transpiration air cooling, film air cooling and maximum in internal convection air cooling.

The results from B3PR system shows that closed loop steam cooling offers higher plant efficiency and specific work followed by open loop transpiration steam cooling, open loop film steam cooling, internal convection steam cooling, transpiration air cooling, film air cooling, internal convection air cooling. The configuration B3PR with open loop steam cooling has not yet commercialised but closed loop steam cooling is now a reality in MS9001H gas turbine model developed by General Electric. The plant efficiency of B3PR system is slightly superior (about one percentage point) to B3P and B2PR based systems. The better performance exhibited by closed loop cooling is due to the absence of mixing and pumping losses, less coolant requirement and additional power generation by coolant steam (which is superheated steam after gas turbine blade exit) through expansion in steam turbine.

With the basic gas turbine cycle (BGT) as the topping cycle, the maximum plant efficiency and specific work are exhibited by B3PR systems. This is because of the fact that HRSG with 3PR system utilises the energy associated with the exhaust of gas turbine more effectively resulting in more generation of steam at different pressure levels and reheating of steam as compared to 3P, 2PR, 2P, 1PR and 1P systems. However, 3P system is quite close in terms of performance to 3PR, followed by 2PR, 2P, 1PR, and 1P systems.

In general, for any configuration using open loop air-cooling and at any compressor pressure ratio, the combined cycle plant efficiency increases with TIT, reaches a maximum value and then decreases. There exists an optimum compressor pressure ratio at any TIT. However, for steam cooling (both open and closed loop) the optimum value of r_p,c was not observed within the range of TIT considered.

There exists an optimum inter-cooling pressure ratio (r_p,lpc) which gives maximum efficiency. Similarly, there exists an optimum reheating pressure ratio (r_p,hpt) which gives maximum efficiency. The configuration R3PR is highly promising and of special interest as it offers plant efficiency around 62% and higher specific work of over 1000kJ/kg at the current value of TIT=1700K and r_pc=30. Recuperative system (R_c3PR) is limited by compressor pressure ratio for a fixed TIT. Though, it offers highest gas turbine efficiency, but the combined cycle plant efficiency dips except for very high TIT, due to less generation of steam in HRSG as a part of energy is consumed in recuperator and the fuel saved in combustor does not compensate the loss of power generated by steam turbine. However in RRc3PR systems, this problem is less pronounced due to higher exhaust heat and it may prove promising if suitable r_pc, TIT and RIT are given. IRRc3PR configuration with closed loop steam cooling offers higher plant efficiency (about 60.2 %) followed by transpiration steam cooling (about 59.94 %) among all configurations at TIT=1700K and r_p,c= 22 .

The allowable blade surface temperature plays an important role on the performance of combined and cogeneration cycles. It is worth to note that T_b can only increase with better turbine blade material. The plant efficiency increases with T_b at a fixed TIT. This is obvious because of the fact that the coolant requirement decreases with increase in T_b. Even an increase of 50K from T_b=1123K and at the same TIT=1700K, the plant efficiency increases by 2.1712 percentage points for B3PR systems at r_p,c=22 using open loop internal convection air cooling means. This suggests that a material that withstands high temperature is desirable. Further, with the increase of T_b, it is possible to increase TIT, which will further enhance performance.

For the analysis of cogeneration plants, fuel utilization efficiency (FUE) and power- to- heat–ratio(PHR) are the main dependent parameters. It has been observed that PHR increases with increase of r_p,c and decreases with increase in TIT in case of air-cooling but increases in the case of steam cooling for BGT configuration of cogeneration system. FUE increases with TIT for all cooling means in case of BGT configuration. The integrated system offers lower FUEand higher PHR as compared to cogeneration system based on BGT.

Exergy analysis quantifies the losses in the system. The exergy and exergy losses have been plotted for all types of configurations in the form of bar charts. From the results, it is observed that the maximum exergy loss is exhibited by the combustor in all configurations, followed by gas turbine. The high value of exergy loss in combustor is attributed to throttling of fuel, in-complete combustion, pressure drop and thermal degradation of heat released by combustion to a finite temperature in combustor. Among all, the last factor is the major contributor of exergy loss.

The results presented in the present study will help the design engineers of combined cycle and cogeneration power plants to select the better configuration and their operating parameters along with cooling means yielding better performance.

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From this Ph.D work is six research articles have been published in International Journals with high impact factor of repute like Elsevier, I.Mech. UK. etc. and six paper with American Society of Mechanical Engineer (ASME). Five more paper have been submitted for review. Details of these are as above.

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