Testicular self-examination

Definition

This is an examination of the testicles to look for lumps that may be testicular cancer. The testicles (also called the testes) are the male reproductive organs that produce sperm and the hormone testosterone. They are located in the scrotum under the penis.

A testicular self-exam should be performed every month if you have a family history of testicular cancer, had a previous testicular tumor, or have an undescended testicle.

How the test is performed

Perform this test during or after a shower. This way, the scrotal skin is warm and relaxed. The test is best done while standing.

1. Gently feel your scrotal sac to locate a testicle.
2. Firmly but gently roll the testicle between the thumb and fingers of both hands to examine the entire surface.
3. Repeat the procedure with the other testicle.

Why the test is performed

The test checks for testicular cancer.

Normal Values

Each testicle should feel firm, but not rock hard. One testicle may or may not be lower or slightly larger than the other.

Normal testicles contain blood vessels and other structures that can make the exam confusing. Performing the self-exam monthly allows you to become familiar with your normal anatomy. Then, if you notice any changes from the previous exam, this alerts you to contact your doctor.

Always ask you doctor if you have any doubts or questions.

What abnormal results mean

If you find a small hard lump (like a pea), have an enlarged testicle, or notice any other concerning differences from your last self-exam, see your doctor as soon as you can.

Consult your doctor if:

• You can't find one or both testicles -- the testicles may not have descended properly in the scrotum
• There is a soft collection of thin tubes above the testicle -- it may be a collection of dilated veins (varicocele)
• There is pain or swelling in the scrotum -- it may be an infection or a fluid-filled sac (hydrocele) causing blockage of blood flow to the area

Sudden, severe (acute) pain in the scrotum or testicle is an emergency. If you experience such pain, seek immediate medical attention.

Special considerations

A lump on the testicle is often the first sign of testicular cancer. Therefore, if you find a lump, see a doctor immediately. Keep in mind that some cases of testicular cancer do not show symptoms until they reach an advanced stage.

References

Rew L. Development of the self-efficacy for testicular self-examination scale. J Men's Health Gend.  March 2005; 2(1); 59-63.

Information from your family doctor. Testicular cancer. Am Fam Physician. 2004; 69(3): 613-4.

Illustrations

Male reproductive anatomy

Testicular anatomy

Page Content:

testicular self examination; testicular cancer self examination