Tongue biopsy

Definition

A tongue biopsy is a diagnostic procedure in which a small piece of tongue tissue is removed for examination.

How the test is performed

A tongue biopsy can be performed with a needle. After numbing the area, the needle is inserted into the tongue, and a small core of tongue tissue is removed.

A tongue biopsy can also be performed by thinly slicing a piece of tongue tissue (incisional biopsy), or by surgical excision (excisional biopsy, usually under general anesthesia) of a lesion, growth, or area of the tongue that appears abnormal.

How to prepare for the test

Fasting may be recommended before this test. You must sign a consent form.

How the test will feel

A needle biopsy is often somewhat uncomfortable even with use of an anesthetic, because the tongue is quite sensitive. After the biopsy, the tongue can be tender or sore, and it may feel slightly swollen.

Why the test is performed

The test is performed to determine the cause of abnormal growths, lesions, or suspicious-appearing areas of the tongue. It may be used to help diagnose conditions such as amyloidosis or tongue cancer.

Normal Values

There is normal tongue tissue, with no abnormal inclusions or cellular changes.

What abnormal results mean

• Amyloidosis
• Tongue (oral) cancer

What the risks are

• Bleeding
• Infection
• Swelling of the tongue (can obstruct the airway and cause breathing difficulty)

Note: Complications are rare.

Illustrations

Throat anatomy

Tongue biopsy

Page Content:

Biopsy - tongue ; tongue biopsy