Serum progesterone

Definition

This is a test that measures the amount of progesterone in the blood.

How the test is performed

Blood is drawn from a vein, usually on the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand. The puncture site is cleaned with antiseptic, and an elastic band is placed around the upper arm to apply pressure and restrict blood flow through the vein. This causes veins below the band to fill with blood.

A needle is inserted into the vein, and the blood is collected in an air-tight vial or a syringe. During the procedure, the band is removed to restore circulation. Once the blood has been collected, the needle is removed, and the puncture site is covered to stop any bleeding.

For an infant or young child:

The area is cleansed with antiseptic and punctured with a sharp needle or a lancet. The blood may be collected in a pipette (small glass tube), on a slide, onto a test strip, or into a small container. Cotton or a bandage may be applied to the puncture site if there is any continued bleeding.

How to prepare for the test

Your health care provider may advise you to stop taking drugs that may affect the test. Drugs that can interfere with the test include progesterone and birth control pills.

For infants and children:

The preparation you can provide for this test depends on your child's age, previous experiences, and level of trust. For specific information regarding how you can prepare your child, see the following topics:

• infant test or procedure preparation (birth to 1 year)
• toddler test or procedure preparation (1 to 3 years)
• preschooler test or procedure preparation (3 to 6 years)
• schoolage test or procedure preparation (6 to 12 years)
• adolescent test or procedure preparation (12 to 18 years)

How the test will feel

When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain, while others feel only a prick or stinging sensation. Afterward, there may be some throbbing.

Why the test is performed

This test is performed to evaluate disorders associated with abnormal progesterone levels. Progesterone is a steroid hormone that is made in and released from the corpus luteum in the ovary, the placenta, and in small amounts in the adrenal glands.

In men, progesterone probably has no normal function except as an intermediate step in the synthesis of other steroid hormones. In women, progesterone prepares the uterus for pregnancy and the breasts for milk production. After ovulation, progesterone blocks growth of the endometrium and stimulates the uterus to prepare for implantation of a fertilized egg. Progesterone levels continue to rise in early pregnancy.

Blood progesterone levels start to rise with the LH surge, midway through the menstrual cycle, continue to rise for about 6 to 10 days, and then fall in the absence of fertilization.

Progesterone is converted to pregnanediol by the liver before being secreted in the urine. Urinary pregnanediol levels are an indirect measure of progesterone production.

Normal Values

• female (pre-ovulation): less than 1 ng/mL
• female (mid-cycle): 5 to 20 ng/mL
• male: less than 1 ng/mL
• postmenopausal: less than 1 ng/mL
• 1st trimester: 11.2-90.0 ng/mL
• 2nd trimester: 25.6-89.4 ng/mL
• 3rd trimester: 48.4-42.5 ng/mL

Note: ng/mL = nanograms per milliliter

What abnormal results mean

Greater-than-normal levels may indicate:

• pregnancy
• adrenal cancer
• ovarian cancer
• congenital adrenal hyperplasia

• amenorrhea
• fetal death
• threatened abortion
• toxemia of pregnancy

• ectopic pregnancy
• infertility

What the risks are

• excessive bleeding
• fainting or feeling lightheaded
• hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)
• infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)
• multiple punctures to locate veins

Special considerations

Veins and arteries vary in size from one patient to another and from one side of the body to the other. Obtaining a blood sample from some people may be more difficult than from others.

References

Page Content:

Progesterone - serum ; level progesterone serum; progesterone serum