Freemasonry means many things to many people. This is true not only of the person who is a Mason, but applies to non-masons as well. Some of those who have been members of the Masonic Craft for many years are afraid to mention even the things which almost everyone knows about the fraternity. Others among us are convinced that Freemasonry is a secret society and that they, as members, are forbidden to talk about it to others whom they do not know to be Masons. Most of this is far from the truth, so a word of explanation concerning this Fraternal organization would not be amiss.
Freemasonry is a Fraternity
Freemasonry is the oldest, and by far, the largest fraternal order in the world. Its Lodges stretch around the globe and, like the British Empire, it might well be said that the sun never sets upon the Masonic Lodge. Fraternity means an association of brothers, and that is exactly what Freemasonry: is a society of friends and brothers. It is not a benefit society in the sense that one becomes a member of it because of the insurance benefits he may receive or which may inure to his family at his death. It is not an eleemosynary institution, founded to collect and disburse charity, or based on the giving of alms.
It is not a secret society in that its Temples are openly marked and almost everyone in the community knows where they are located. The Grand Lodge publishes a list of the members of every Lodge. Many of the Lodges have individual bulletins, which carry the names of officers and members as well. Thus it is, in the strictest sense of the word, a society with secrets, which are limited to its obligation; its modes of recognitions, such as pass-words and grips, etc; and certain parts of its ritual.
It is religious in character, but it is not a religion. It is founded upon the basic principle of the Brotherhood of Man under the Fatherhood of God, and everyone who comes into its Lodges must express a belief in God. No one is asked to express a particular belief about God, for this is the privilege of each individual and is not infringed upon by our Fraternity.
Freemasonry practices a selective charity, founded on the principle of brotherly need which is not applicable in all cases that have a surface likeness. No member has a specific claim upon the society for its charity, for this is not a right acquired by becoming a member of the society; rather, it is a privilege.
Freemasonry, The Teacher
One of Freemasonry's objectives is the making of better men. This it endeavors to do by teaching. It aims to inculcate in the minds of those who come into it some of those virtues which are recognized as prerequisites for a better life. Its teachings include brotherhood, morality, justice, tolerance, citizenship, education and freedom of ideas, of religious choice, of expression.
The worth of the individual in society is another of its prime objectives, but it believes this worth is only achieved by the recognizing of the corresponding responsibility which must accompany each privilege the individual enjoys. Upon this premise, rights may be exercised properly only as long as they do not infringe those belonging to one's neighbor. This principle finds its highest expression in the term "brotherly love", which teaches us to regard the whole human race as one common family, sent into the world to aid, support and protect each other.
Freemasonry's Organization
Just as the individual is the foundation of our Society of Friends and Brothers, so is the Masonic Lodge the fundamental organization of it. This basic unit of the organization is sometimes called the "Blue Lodge," sometimes the Craft Lodge, but it always operates under standards prescribed by a Grand Lodge. There is no higher Masonic authority than a Grand Lodge, and each is the sovereign authority within the State or Country over which it claims jurisdiction. The Grand Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons of Tennessee is the supreme governing authority over every Lodge in Tennessee. Its chief officer has the title Grand Master, but is known as the Grand Master of Masons in Tennessee, signifying his election by the Masons of Tennessee whose votes are cast by their duly elected representatives. He acts for all of the Masons collectively who live within the State and are members of its Lodges.
The Officers of the individual Lodge are the Worshipful Master (the term worshipful being used in the Old English manner, meaning respected), and the Senior and Junior Wardens. The term warden means "watcher" or "supervisor", taken from the Old English term used by the stonemasons of the eighteenth century. In addition, the Lodge has a Treasurer and Secretary as well as two Deacons. Both of the latter are messengers who carry messages at the direction of the Master or the Senior Warden, to others about the Lodge, as the occasion requires. These two brethren also see to the accommodation of visitors when the Lodge is assembled. There are also Stewards, who oversee to the preparation and serving of food, along with other duties. There is a Chaplain, charged with offering prayers and reading the Bible at specific times. The officer outside the door is the Tiler or Tyler, who guards the Lodge from intrusion.
Freemasonry's Membership
Membership, because it is a fraternity, is limited to men. A prosective member must meet certain recognized requirements-high standards of character and reputation. It does not require that its members subscribe to any particular creed, or belong to any particular church. Church membership does not exclude or secure admission into any Masonic Lodge. The profession of a belief in God and in a future life are the sole religious requirements.
No one is excluded because of his membership in a particular church. There are, however, a few denominations which do not allow their members to become Masons. In some instances the mistaken impression has spread that Freemasonry refuses admission to those who are members of certain denominations. It is the church rather than Freemasonry, that denies them membership.
How Does One Become a Freemason?
Many men do not understand the process of acquiring membership in a Masonic Lodge. No one is ever invited to become a Mason or to join a Masonic Lodge. Though any morally good man would be welcome in a Masonic Lodge, the man himself must first ask a Mason about becoming a member. Once he has done so, the requested Mason will secure an application blank, called a petition by our Lodges and this is his first step. He must have two Masons who know him to sign his petition, vouching for his character and qualifications. He must also receive the unanimous ballot of the Lodge to which he applies for the degrees, given by the members present when his petition is voted on.
Having passed this ballot, the candidate receives the first of the three degrees which make up the symbolic or Craft Lodge. This is designated as The Degree of Entered Apprentice. The second is designated The Degree of Fellow Craft and the third as the Degree of Master Mason. Each Degree is a separate entity and one is always an Entered Apprentice when he sits in a Lodge on the First Degree of Masonry, no matter what his Masonic status may be. Each of these degrees has certain rights and privileges but all the rights and privileges are attained only after the candidate has received the Degree of Master Mason.
After he has received each of the degrees, the candidate must commit to memory a catechism covering the degree received. He must be examined in open Lodge and prove his right to be advanced. This serves a useful purpose, for it assures the Fraternity that each will know himself to be a Mason and be able to recognize others as members of the Craft by their manner of speaking. He will be abled by such knowledge to visit other Lodges where he is not known and will be examined to prove his right to be admitted.
Freemasonry's Origin
Freemasonry is ancient, having existed in some form for so long that many serious students have differed as to the time and place of its origin. There is evidence of a basic type of craft association which antedates the Christian era. It survived various transitions which took place during the Middle Ages, when the word "Free" was prefixed to the word Mason, because these builders were one of the very few classes of persons allowed to travel from country to country and to practice the builder's art wherever they went. It was these companies of Masons who constructed the beautiful cathedrals and other stately structures which dot the plains of Europe and the English country side. These men differed from others of the working crafts because they, possessing knowledge and skills not found elsewhere, were free men rather than bondservants.
Until about the Sixteenth Century Masons were strictly an operative craft, bound together by the close ties found in the constructive craft guilds of the day. Early in the Seventeenth Century, men of prominence were admitted, not as craftsmen, for they were not skilled in the builders art, but rather as patrons. Gradually these men came to be known as "accepted" Masons. Thus, by the time the Seventeenth Century came to its end these accepted or speculative Masons were predominant in many of the older Lodges of Freemasons. Today the Masonic Lodge is termed speculative because its emphasis is on the moral philosophy which is its foundation, rather than the operative art of the earlier centuries. The tools of the stone mason are used to symbolize moral virtues rather than to build cathedrals.
The Grand Lodge System
On June 24, 1717, St. John the Baptist Day, the members of four old Lodges in London, England, met together in Grand Assembly to form the Grand Lodge of England. That this was a speculative Lodge is evidenced by the election of one styled "Anthony Sayer, gentleman," as Grand Master. All modern Freemasonry traces its beginnings under the Grand Lodge system of government to this Grand Lodge.
Freemasonry came to America about the third decade of the Eighteenth Century when Lodges were established in New York, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, Virginia, South Carolina, and Georgia.
American Freemasons can take pride in the part which the members of this Fraternity played in the history of our country.
Many of the signers of the Declaration of Independence were Masons and the same statement is true of those who signed the Constitution of the United States. Famous men such as George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, Paul Revere, Lafayette, James Monroe, and many others whose names awaken memories of the founding of our country and of Tennessee as a state belonged to a Lodge. Since our country's beginning thirteen of its Presidents have been Masons.
Masons have also won laurels in other fields of endeavor, and we find them prominent in government, science, sports, entertainment, and finally in man's newest field, that of space exploration. Wally Schirra, Gordon Cooper, Virgil Grissom, and the second man to set foot on the moon, "Buzz" Aldrin, are all bound by the mystic tie of Freemasonry.
Freemasonry-What Is it?
It has a different connotation in different situations. Someone has written that Freemasonry is honesty in business, fairness in work, courtesy in society, compassion for the sick and unfortunate, forgiveness for the penitent, love for our fellowman, and reverence for God.
