Idiophones
The instruments on this page are from the idiophone family of the Hornbostel-Sachs Classification System.  This means that the instrument itself is the primary resonator without strings or membranes.
Pod shaker from Africa

It is 1'4" long and 2" wide.  Sound is produced by the seeds striking against each other inside the pod. 

I do not know exactly where this came from or how it is used in its original context.

The classification is 112.2.
Rainstick from Chile

This instrument is made of cactus.  The spikes of the cactus are reinserted into the body and pebbles are inserted.  The sound is made by inverting the instrument and allowing the pebbles to strike against each other, the spikes, and the walls of the cactus. 

It was made in Chile, but I do not know anything further about its use.

The classification is 112.13.
Garamut from Papua New Guinea

This instrument is 2'4" long and 3" high.  It is made of wood.  It is an example of the practice of carving heads onto instruments in Papua New Guinea.

I purchased this instrument at a tourist shop in Lae, Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.  I do not know anything about its original setting or use.  Some people claimed it was played by hitting the stick quickly against the inside edges of the opening and others said that it was played by striking the outside edge. 

To me it appears to be a highly ornamented tourist version of the hollowed out log drums that are used throughout the country by striking the outside edge.

The classification is 111.231
Jew's harp from Papua New Guinea
Top and bottom view

This instrument is 10" wide and 1 1/2" tall.  It is made of bamboo.  A lamella (tongue) has been cut lenthwise.

It is played by holding the left side of the instrument in the left hand and the string in the right hand.  The mouth is placed on the right side and the string is struck against the lamella repeatedly to set it into vibration. 

This instrument was purchased at a market in Ukarumpa, Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea.  It is played by men and boys as a recreational instrument.

The classification is 121.21.
Carved inside of garamut
Closeup of carved head of garamut