There are many things brought up surrounding Rick Warren, his books, his
church, his methodology. These pages will include links from the net,
information from another person like me - passing out info and some
attachments. I hate to put it up so disorganized - BUT, I know ME and I know
if I wait until I get it organized, I'll never take care of it - it just wont
happen. So, here's my jumbled "notes" on the topic. You can surf through
them and search for yourself what may be wrong with RW's materials. If I've
made a comment throughout the thoughts of others I'll sign it with "j".
otherwise comments are from the source i received it from.
here's what *I* thought didnt sit well from the purpose driven life book:
1- have never had a peace about it.
2- RW chooses a version of the Bible that will suit his purpose and opinion
(even a version that is a LOOSE paraphrase and I would dare to say not
accurate - "The Message" and you can look up passages in it through
http://www.biblegateway.com/cgi-bin/bible)
3- adds his own supposition to the Word to make it fit his opinion
4- Offers things you can only have through Jesus through other sources
5- Is the Jesus and God RW presents in his book the same Jesus and God
taught in the Bible
6- ambiguous, incomplete statements that lead the reader to suppose things
that may not be true
7- contridictions to himself and extra-biblical either-or statements.
Yes, somewhere packed in this house I have sited examples of each of the
lower 6 reasons. Where? I dunno. Can I find it if I had to? Probably, with
much disaster left in the wake. :oD I am actually searching through boxes looking for this information. It's on loose-leaf notebook paper and so far I'm not having much luck.
j.
This is from Mike, also known as Metochoi, our
moderator on the discussion list. It is
very clear as to what Rick Warren does. Mike,
our moderator who makes the comments below,
attended Dallas Theological Seminary and
pastors a small non-denominational church in
North Texas.
First, the direct quote from Rick Warren's materials:
"From Rick Warren's "Purpose Driven Life", Introductory Chapter, "A
Journey
with a Purpose: Getting the Most out of this Book" (page 9):
"Today the average life span is 25,550 days. That's how long you will
live if you
are typical. Don't you think it would be a wise use of time to set aside
40 of
those days to figure out what God wants you to do with the rest of them?
The Bible is clear that God considers 40 days a spiritually significant
time period.
Whenever God wanted to prepare someone for his purposes, he took 40 days:
- Noah's life was transformed by 40 days of rain.
- Moses was transformed by 40 days on Mount Sinai.
- The spies were transformed by 40 days is the
promised land.
- David was transformed by Goliath's 40-day challenge.
- Elijah was transformed when God gave him 40 days
of strength from a single meal.
- The entire city of Nineveh was transformed when God
gave the people 40 days to change.
- Jesus was empowered by 40 days in the wilderness.
- The disciples were transformed by 40 days with
Jesus after his resurrection.
The next 40 days will change your life.
This book is divided into 40 brief chapters. ..."
Now, my pastor friend responds to the entire discussion group (500 plus
members)
as follows:
We will refrain from getting into a long discussion of Warren and his
"movement"
-- but I can't resist repeating my reaction when Jim showed me this tripe
in private.
"The Bible is clear that God considers 40 days a spiritually significant
time
period. Whenever God wanted to prepare someone for his purposes, he took
40
days"
Okay -- that's his claim. It should be easy to support this claim from
scripture --
right? Well -- here's his evidence:
- Noah's life was transformed by 40 days of rain.
Wrong. There is nothing in the text about Noah being transformed by the
rain.
Almost everyone else was, though! Hahaha! In addition -- the flood was
not just
the 40 days of rain -- but the months of "fountains of the deep"
activity. Why pick
out the 40 days of rain, then? Oh, come on, Silly! You know why! We
can make
it FIT!
And BY THE WAY -- if Noah was so transformed by the rain, then why is it
that
almost the first thing he did after getting off the Ark was to get drunk
and "expose
his nakedness."
- Moses was transformed by 40 days on Mount Sinai.
Wrong. Moses was transformed at Mt. Sinai, all right -- but NOT during
those 40
days. It was in his FIRST encounter with Yahweh on the mount before he
ever
returned to Egypt -- and we are not told how long that encounter lasted
[perhaps a
few hours?]. He had also spent 40 YEARS on the backside of the desert.
Maybe
that had something to do with preparing him. I dunno.
In addition -- Moses spent 80 days on the mountain the second time, not
just 40.
When he came down from the mountain after 40 days, he angrily destroyed
the
10-Commandments, and had to go back up again for another 40 days.
"Transformed?"
When he came down the second time, his face shone, but gradually, that
"glory"
faded. See 2 COR. 3 for a good explanation of the importance of this.
How much
more profitable would it have been for Warren to preach THAT rich truth
from
scripture instead of this contrived junk?
- The spies were transformed by 40 days is the promised land.
Wrong. TEN of the twelve spies came back fearful and warning AGAINST
going
up against the inhabitants of the land. Only TWO had faith that Yahweh
would
conquer the land for them. There is NO indication that even those two
were
"transformed" by their time there; rather, they had faith in Yahweh's
PROMISE --
IN SPITE of what they saw in Canaan.
- David was transformed by Goliath's 40-day challenge.
Wrong. The Hebrews were transformed by it. They were transformed into
faithless, fearful blobs! And GOLIATH was transformed by DAVID in maybe
40
seconds! Hahaha!
Goliath's so-called "40-day challenge" had nothing to do with
transforming David,
as far as the scripture goes. It appears that David showed up at the END
of that
time. What was the difference? Was it the challenge? Of course not.
David had
faith in Yahweh -- in spite of the challenge. It was his FAITH -- and
the OBJECT
of that faith -- that are important in this story -- NOT the time period
of Goliath's
challenge.
- Elijah was transformed when God gave him 40 days of strength from a
single meal.
This refers to the angel feeding Elijah in 1 KINGS 19. The passage does
say that
he gained strength for the next forty days -- but not from "single meal"
-- from
TWO meals. However -- the point is that he had nothing more to eat for
the next
forty days.
A closer look at the passage, though, shows nothing about any so-called
"transformation." Elijah was running scared from Jezebel, who had
threatened his
life after he had slain the prophets of Baal. While on the run, the
angel fed him
these two meals, and then he kept on running. No transformation there.
God spoke to Elijah twice more in the following days -- and eventually
reminded
Elijah that there were still other faithful ones in Israel besides him.
It was after
this that Elisha joins himself to Elijah, to help him. Where's the
"transformation?"
I believe it is in Warren's mind. ---- find passages that have SOMETHING --
ANYTHING --
remotely connected to the claim [Yep -- "40 days" are mentioned]. So --
just
CLAIM it and point to the 40 days -- and that proves it.
What a way to treat the Word of God! I despair over the fact that so
many seem
not to care about this -- and indeed, think it is "deep spiritual truth."
- The entire city of Nineveh was transformed when God gave the people 40
days to change.
This one is true -- but it wasn't the 40 days that transformed them.
THAT is what
Warren has been attempting to show. They were given 40 days as a
DEADLINE
-- NOT as a "process of transformation." BY THE WAY -- they were ALSO
given a deadline about a hundred years later -- by Nahum -- and that
time, they
didn't make it. Oops!
- Jesus was empowered by 40 days in the wilderness.
Wrong. There is nothing in the Bible indicating that Jesus was
transformed or
empowered at all -- much less "BY" those 40 days. But I will concede
that Jesus
was transformed by those 40 days; he was transformed into a STARVING MAN!
The scripture says that AFTER those 40 days, he was "an hungered" -- and
it was
AFTER this that Satan tempted him.
Jesus successfully RESISTED Satan -- AFTER the 40 days were over -- and
returned from the wilderness "in the power of the Spirit." The scripture
does not
say that the testing PRODUCED that power -- nor does
it say
that the 40 days had anything to do with that power.
Jesus was the Son of God BEFORE going into the wilderness. He was the
Son of
God DURING the testing. And he was the Son of God when he came back and
began his ministry. He did not NEED to be transformed -- much less by
"40
days."
- The disciples were transformed by 40 days with Jesus after his
resurrection.
Wrong. Scripture says nothing of the sort. It appears, from the
evidence we DO
have, that they were transformed by the events of Resurrection Sunday,
including
the events on the road to Emmaus, and his appearing in the upper room
that
evening. Before that -- they were demoralized and bewildered.
Afterward, they
"turned their world upside down."
Sure -- the 40 days were important, as a teaching time. But it appears
to me that
the importance of the time period is that it spans the gap between
Passover and
Pentecost [that's another long discussion].
If it is true that "whenever God wanted to prepare someone for his
purposes, he
took 40 days" -- then shouldn't Warren be able to find some passages that
SAY so
-- and SHOW so -- instead of having to resort to this kind of twisting
and
eisegesis?
I remind everyone of a basic principle of logic and interpretation: Even
if
something is true, it is still wrong to twist scriptures that do NOT
support that
truth in order to make them SEEM to. And even if it IS supported in
scripture, it
is STILL wrong to use passages from scripture that do NOT support it,
just
because they have some of the WORDS we need.
If it really IS supported from scripture, then it should be a simple
matter to cite
those passages that actually DO support it. If all we have to go on are
passages
twisted out of context, then maybe we need to be suspicious that,
perhaps, there IS
no real scriptural support for the claim. I will concede that the number
40 does
seem to be a recurring theme in scripture -- but it is a leap of Grand
Canyon
proportions from that to Warren's claim.
What about Job? How did God "transform" HIM in 40 days? How about
Abraham? Did God have a purpose for him? Where's the 40 days of
"transformation" for him? I can't find it! Isaac? Jacob?
What about the children of Israel who escaped from Egypt. Did God have a
purpose for them? How long did it take to "transform" them? 40 days?
How
about 40 YEARS? The entire generation that left Egypt, except for Caleb
and
Joshua, were transformed into CORPSES! Now THERE'S a transformation for
ya!
What about Samuel? Did God have a purpose for him? Where's HIS "40
days"?
All I recall is God calling him while he was serving Eli. What about
David?
Isaiah? Jeremiah? Ezra? Nehemiah? If it's true that God uses 40 days
to prepare
people for his purpose -- then WHERE are all those 40 day references for
all these
people whom God had a definite purpose for?
What about PAUL????? Is there ANYONE more important to Gentile believers
than Paul [excepting our Lord, of course]? How did God "transform" Paul?
Wasn't it in a FLASH on the road to Damascus?
And how did God prepare PAUL for his chosen purpose? Did he do it in 40
days?
No -- Paul was a tougher case, I guess. It took THREE YEARS in the
wilderness
to get him ready! Whoops! Can't use THAT one. It doesn't "fit" the
pattern.
Is there anything wrong with asking people to set aside 40 days -- or 30
days -- or
a week -- or any amount of time -- to prepare for ministry, or to get to
know the
Lord better? Of course not. That is not what I am objecting to.
What I object to -- with Warren and with anyone else
who does
this kind of thing -- is the disrespect toward the Word of God -- which
shows
disrespect for the God of that Word. It amounts to telling God what we
wish he
HAD said, instead of doing our REAL job -- which is to work at
understanding
and explaining what he HAS said.
Our job, as teachers who are subject to the greater judgment, is to
present the
truths of scripture as clearly and carefully as possible, doing
everything we can to
derive FROM the text the meaning intended IN the text -- rather than
always
looking for so many "neato-Frito" ways to twist it and make it "sound"
oh-so-spiritual.
Comment: We need to examine very closely any Christian book which claims to
be groundbreaking and to explain the meaning of life. We know that "All
scripture is inspired by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for
correction, for training in righteousness; that the man of God may be
adequate, equipped for every good work." 2 Timothy 3:16-17. Below we will
look at only three chapters. I have not had time to write a written review
of every chapter. I regret this, because the other chapters contain
statements equal to those summarized below.
Introduction A Journey With a Purpose
P. 11 Real spiritual growth is never an isolated, individualistic pursuit.
Maturity is produced through relationships and community. (emphasis in
original)
Comment: This is a truly remarkable statement to give without scriptural
support. Imagine a prisoner in solitary confinement with only a bible.
According to Warren, this man could never grow spiritually because growth is
always produced by "relationships" and "community". Jesus said something
different: "Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that
proceeds from the mouth of God." Matthew 4:4. What's more, Warren will
give a contrary statement on page 176 where he states: "God uses his Word,
people, and circumstances to mold us." This second statement is true, and
throughout this book you will find examples of statements on one page which
seem to be contradicted on another.
Chapter 2 You are not an Accident
P. 24 God's motive for creating you was his love. The Bible says, "Long
before he laid down earth's foundations, he had us in mind, had settled on
us as the focus of his love."
Comment: The reference given is Ephesians 1:4a. Warren uses Eugene
Petersen's paraphrase entitled "The Message" to obtain the particular bible
text quoted above. Compare what is quoted above with the New International
Version (NIV): "For he chose us in him before the creation of the world to
be holy and blameless in his sight. In love he predestined us to be adopted
as his sons ..." Compare with the King James Version (KJV): "According as
he hath chosen us in him before the foundation of the world, that we should
be holy and without blame before him in love." What is the result of using
this paraphrase? Man now becomes God's primary focus, an emphasis not found
in the original scriptures.
P. 24 The Bible says, "God decided to give us life through the word of
truth so we might be the most important of all the things he made."
Comment: Man now becomes the center of God's universe. There is a sense in
which this emphasis might be true (Adam having been created last, in the
image of God, to have dominion over God's creation), but we need to look
closely at the verse Rick Warren is using. Warren cites James 1:18, this
time from the New Century Version. Compare to the New King James (NKJV):
"Of His own will He brought us forth by the word of truth, that we might be
a kind of firstfruits of His creatures." John MacArthur writes:
"[firstfruits] Originally an Old Testament expression referring to the
first and best harvest crops, which God expected as an offering." See how
Rick Warren, using a questionable paraphrase, has changed us from being an
offering to God, a living sacrifice as it were, to being the most important
part of God's creation. This elevation of sinful man will occur throughout
Purpose Driven Life.
P. 24 You were created as a special object of God's love! God made you so
he could love you. This is a truth to build your life on.
Comment: Apparently our whole reason for being is so that we might bask in
God's love. We were not created to bring glory to God by how we live. We
were not created to serve God. We were not created so that God would be
glorified in having His Son present a redeemed remnant.
P. 24 He wasn't lonely. But he wanted to make you in order to express his
love.
Comment: Same.
P. 25 The Message paraphrase of Romans 12:3 says, "The only accurate way to
understand ourselves is by what God is and by what he does for us."
Comment: Warren is going to use Petersen's paraphrase,
The Message, to arrive at many conclusions which are
not in the original scriptures. Romans 12:3 in the NKJV
says: "For I say, through the grace given to me, to
everyone who is among you, not to think of himself
more highly than he ought to think, but to think soberly
as God has dealt to each one a measure of faith". NIV:
"For by the grace given me I say to everyone one of
you: do not think of yourself more highly than you
ought, but rather think of yourself with sober judgment,
in accordance with the measure of faith God has given
you."
Compare the NIV, the NKJV, or any reliable translation with what Warren has
quoted, and you will see that what Warren has written is not supported by
the scriptures.
Furthermore, we see that the actual scriptures here totally
contradict what Rick Warren is telling us elsewhere in this chapter. Warren
has told us that we are special and that God has made us just to love us,
but the actual Bible verse tells us not to think more highly of ourselves
than we ought to. There are examples of this in nearly every chapter of
Purpose Driven Life. When the actual scriptures will not support a point,
Warren is going to use an excerpt from a paraphrase that bears little
resemblance to actual scripture to make his point. At best, this would be
negligent. But since Warren holds a
doctorate and has been trained in proper use of the scripture at a seminary,
and since he does this repeatedly,
the only conclusion which can be reached is that this is done deliberately
and intentionally. It shows a very low respect or regard for the Word of
God.
Chapter 5 Seeing Life from God's View
P. 41 "We don't see things as they are, we see them as we are."
Comment: Here is a quote from an unidentified author named Anais Nin. This
appears to be a statement to the effect that how we see life is colored by
our individual tastes, opinions and values.
P. 41 How you define life determines your destiny. Your perspective will
influence how you invest your time, spend your money, use your talents, and
value your relationships.
Comment: This statement would seem to rule out God's role in determining
our destiny. It is, however, consistent with other statements which Warren
will make which appear to emphasize our own role in our sanctification (see
comments on chapter 23 below).
P. 41 If I asked how you picture life, what image would come to your mind?
That image is your life metaphor. (emphasis in original)
Comment: No scripture reference is given for the concept of "life
metaphor". It would be interesting to do a search and see where, if
anywhere, this concept appears in secular literature.
P. 42 What is your view of life? You may be basing your life on a faulty
life metaphor. To fulfill the purposes God made you for, you will have to
challenge conventional wisdom and replace it with the biblical metaphors of
life.
Comment: Compare with 1 Cor. 2:14 which states: "But the natural man does
not receive the things of the Spirit of God, for they are foolishness to
him; nor can he know them, because they are spiritually discerned." (NKJV).
P. 42 The Bible offers three metaphors that teach us God's view of life:
Life is a test, life is a trust, and life is a temporary assignment.
Comment: An unnamed reviewer of this book wrote about this statement: "The
problem is that we were created with each of these items in mind, but NONE
of these is what life is primarily about To reduce life to merely one of
these items is simply shallow and simplistic and missing much of what God
has for us. Even to appropriate all three is still limiting if one does not
go further." (Unidentified reader from Costa Mesa, California, reviewing
the book at the Amazon or Barnes & Noble internet web site).
P. 43 You will be tested by major changes, delayed promises, impossible
problems, unanswered prayers, undeserved criticism, and even senseless
tragedies.
Comment: Do a believer's prayers go unanswered, or are they answered "Yes",
"No", or "Wait"? Are tragedies senseless in the life of a believer? Romans
8:28 states: "And we know that all things work together for good to those
who love God, to those who are called according to His purpose." (NKJV)
Note also that it is "His purpose" in this scripture, not ours. A book
which focused on His purposes as set forth in the Bible would be deserving
of the title "Purpose Driven Life".
P. 43 The Bible says, "God withdrew from Hezekiah in order to test him and
to see what was really in his heart." Hezekiah had enjoyed a close
fellowship with God, but a crucial point in his life God left him alone to
test his character, to reveal a weakness, and to prepare him for more
responsibility.
Comment: The reference here is to 2 Chronicles 32:31 in the New Living
Translation. Compare to the NKJV: "However, regarding the ambassadors of
the princes of Babylon, whom they sent to him to inquire about the wonder
that was done in the land, God withdrew from him, in order to test him, that
He might know all that was in his heart." If we look at 2 Kings 20 and at 2
Chronicles 32, we see that in both instances the account of this failure is
followed closely by the death of Hezekiah, so how was this test to prepare
Hezekiah for greater responsibility? God took Hezekiah home soon after this
test and we are not told what greater responsibility Hezekiah was given in
heaven.
Pp. 43-44 He [God] even watches the simplest actions such as when you open
a door for others, when you pick up a piece of trash, or when you're polite
toward a clerk or a waitress. ... When you understand that life is a test,
you realize that nothing is insignificant in your life. Even the smallest
incident has significance for your character development. Every day is an
important day, and every second is a growth opportunity to deepen your
character, to demonstrate love, or to depend on God. Some tests seem
overwhelming, while others you don't even notice. But all of them have
eternal implications. ... Every time you pass a test, God notices and
makes plans to reward you in eternity. James says, "Blessed are those who
endure when they are tested. When they pass the test, they will receive the
crown of life that God has promised to those who love him."
Comment: There is something vaguely troubling about the notion that we are
being tested moment by moment for purposes of reward, but I do not yet know
how to articulate what is wrong here. Leaving that aside, the bible verse
quoted is James 1:12 from the God's Word Translation. Compare with the
NKJV: "Blessed is the man who endures temptation; for when he has been
approved, he will receive the crown of life which the Lord has promised to
those who love Him." MacArthur notes: "temptation. This is better
translated trials." The NIV reads: "Blessed is the man who perseveres under
trial, because when he has stood the test, he will receive the crown of life
that God has promised to those who love him." There is a sense here, with
trials and temptations, which is lost by using the word "test". The role of
testing in the life of a believer is a rich subject for study (look at the
books of Job and Habakkuk, for example) and one that is not subject to
simplistic statements. It seems an oversimplification to state that we are
being tested for degree of reward.
P. 45 At the end of your life on earth you will be evaluated and rewarded
according to how well you handled what God entrusted to you. That means
everything you do, even simple daily chores, has eternal implications. If
you treat everything as a trust, God promises three rewards in eternity.
First, you will be given God's affirmation: He will say, "Good job! Well
done!" Next, you will receive a promotion and be given greater
responsibility in eternity: "I will put you in charge of many things."
Then you will be honored with a celebration: "Come and share your Master's
happiness".
Comment: You will be honored with a celebration? This seems to be an
unjustified conclusion based upon the scripture "come and share your Master'
s happiness". Warren used the NIV here, a reliable translation, but Warren
has reached a conclusion which you cannot find in this verse to make it seem
as though a party is being thrown in your honor in heaven. This would be
consistent with a criticism voiced by other writers who state that Warren's
brand of Christianity seeks to make us feel good about ourselves, but it
does not emphasize the greatness of God or tell us the truth, the bad news,
about our fallen, sinful natures. The Book of Revelation describes the
scene around the throne where the elders fall down before him who sits on
the throne and worship, saying: "You are worthy, O Lord ..." Rev. 4:10-11.
In Rev. 15 redeemed men sing "Great and marvelous are Your works, Lord God
Almighty." Another verse, which I cannot locate at the moment, states that
we will lay our crowns at the feet of our Redeemer.
Chapter 23 How We Grow
P. 179 Spiritual growth is not automatic. It takes an intentional
commitment. You must want to grow, decide to grow, make an effort to grow,
and persist in growing. (emphasis in original)
Comment: Does this not sound like growth through self-effort? What about
scriptures such as Phillipians 1:6, or Ephesians 1:13-14, or Phillipians
2:13?
P. 180 That's all you need to get started: Decide to become a disciple.
Nothing shapes your life more than the commitments you choose to make. ...
It is at this point of commitment that most people miss God's
purpose for their lives.
Comment: The unsaved have a problem, but it is not
a lack of commitment. They are dead in their trespasses
and sin. Ephesians 2.
P. 180. Christlikeness is the result of making Christlike choices and
depending on his Spirit to help you fulfill those choices.
Comment: Making "Christlike" choices?
P. 180. You will need to let go of some old routines and intentionally
change the way you think.
Comment: What old routines must I let go of to become like Christ?
P. 181 To change your life, you must change the way you think. P. 182
Your first step in spiritual growth is to start changing the way you think.
Comment: ?
P. 182 To be like Christ you must develop the mind of Christ. The New
Testament calls this mental shift REPENTANCE, which literally means "to
change your mind."
Comment: Again, note the emphasis on self effort. What scripture defines
repentance as "developing the mind of Christ"? This is strange.
P. 183 Christianity is not a religion or a philosophy, but a relationship
and a lifestyle. The core of that lifestyle is thinking of others, as Jesus
did, instead of ourselves.
Comment: Is this the core of Christianity? Would not this make many
unbelievers perfect Christians? If the core of Christianity is to be
centered on the needs of others, then might not Mahatma Ghandi (a Hindu) or
Mother Teresa (a Roman Catholic) be the perfect Christians? Might the core
of Christianity instead be doing the will of the Father? When the
Phillipian jailer asked Paul, "What must I do to be saved?", did Paul
answer: "Help others."?
P. 183 The Bible says, "We should think of their good and try to help them
by doing what pleases them. Even Christ did not try to please himself."
Comment: Romans 15:2-3a. Now Warren shifts to the Contemporary English
Version. Look at any reliable translation, including the NIV, and see if it
says that we are to do what pleases other men. Every reliable translation
says we are to please our neighbor for his good, which might, in fact, be
quite unpleasant to the neighbor in some instances.
These types of errors are found in every chapter of the book which I have
looked at thus far. A full detailing of the errors in this book would
require many hours and many more pages. A more subtle error in the book is
the downplaying of certain key doctrines of the faith. Remember, this book
promises to be a groundbreaking manifesto on the meaning of life.
One published seminary journal article, looking at Rick Warren's comment in
another book which Warren had written, describes Warren's lack of
discernment as "frightening". David Doran, "Market Driven Ministry:
Blessing or Curse?, Detroit Baptist Seminary Journal, Fall 1996, Pp. 210-211
(found on another page on this site)
(Doran is a pastor and an associate professor of practical theology).
Another published seminary journal article concludes that Warren advocates
unbiblical practices and that Warren does not clearly present the gospel of
God's grace. Dr. Stephen Lewis, review of "The Purpose Driven Church:
Growth Without Compromising Your Message or Mission", Chafer Theological
Seminary Journal, vol 6, no. 2 (April - June 2000). Dr. Lewis is professor
of church history at Chafer Theological Seminary. Both articles are
available on request and I have the internet links to them as well.
**One more comment. I was unfamiliar with the
"Anais Nin" quoted at the beginning of chapter
five in Warren's book. I subsequently learned
that Anais Nin, now deceased, was a writer of
"erotic fiction", an unbeliever, and also wrote
about her adulterous flings. This does not bear
on the quote, but seemed to show poor judgment
on the part of Warren.**