Abyssal Plain - A flat area on the deep-sea floor having a very gentle slope of less than one meter per kilometer, and consisting chiefly of graded terrigenous sediments known as turbidites. Flat area on deep sea floor wich has a gentle slope less than one meter per kilometer and consists of graded terrigenous sediments that are more recognised as turbidites.
Altimetry - A technique to measure the height of the sea surface from radar pulses emitted by a satellite. It measure the heght of the sea surface from radar pulses made by sattelite.
Andesite - A common volcanic rock found in the volcanic arcs of subduction zones; it is intermediate in composition between the granitic crust of the continents and the basaltic crust of the oceans. A volcanic rock thats found in volcanic arcs of subduction zones,it's intermidiate in composition between grantic crust of the continents and the basaltic crust of the ocean.
Asthenosphere - The region of the Earth''s upper mantle that, as a consequent of a small amount (<1percent) of partial melting, deforms in a plasticlike manner; it extends downward for about 250 kilometers from the base of the lithosphere. region of the earths upper mantle it deforms in plastic like, extends downward for aboutabout 250 kilometers from the base of the lithosphere.
Basalt- A dark, fine-grained igneous rock composed of minerals enriched in ferromagnesian silicates; it typifies the oceanic crust. An igneous rock made up of minerals sach as ferromagnesian silicates, it typifies the oceanic crust.
Bathymetry- The measurement of depth in the ocean in order to delineate the submarine topography. Measurement of depth in the ocean to delineate the submarine topography.
Bathythermograph -An instrument used to measure temperature as a function of water depth in the ocean. An obect that measures temperature that functions in the water depth in the ocean.
Bimodal distrebution -A frequency distribution possessing two distinct modes or maxima. Frequency distrebution that has 2 distinct modes or maxima.
Biosphere - -- An external shell or envelope of the earth that includes all organic matter, both living and nonliving. An external shell including all organic matter that are living or nonliving.
Guyot - A seamount of volcanic origin with a flat top seamount volcamic origin with flat top.
Hydrosphere - The envelope of gaseous, liquid, and solid water on the earth, including oceans, lakes, groundwater, ice and snow, and water vapor envelope of gaseous, liquid, and solid water on earth wich envolve oceans, lakes, groundwater,ice and snow and water vapor.
Igneous rock - A rock that crystallized from molten matter, either magma or lava rock crystallized from molten matter from magma or lava.
Isobath - A contour line connecting all points of equal depth below the water surface. Contour line that connects all points of equal depth below the water surface.
Isostasy - The regional mass balance of rocks in the earth''s crust and uppermost mantle regional mass balance of rocks in earth and it's crust and uppermost mantle.
Latitude - The angular distance north and south of the equator with the equator being 0? and the poles 90? distance of north and south from the equator.
Lithosphere - The relatively cool, brittle, outer shell of the earth, some 100 kilometers thick, that includes the crust and uppermost mantle outer shell of earth, thats about 100 kilometers thik that relates to the crust and uppermost mantle.
Longitude - The angular distance to the east or west of the prime meridian (0? longitude) that runs through Greenwich, England angular distance from east to west of prime meradian that runs through greenwich England.
Mantle - The section of the earth''s interior that extends from the base of the crust and to the top of the core and that is composed of ferromagnesian silicates
section of earth interior extending from the base of the crust and top of the core thats made up of ferromagnesian silicates.
Mesosphere - -- The deep, rigid portion of the mantle that lies between the plasticlike asthenosphere and the core mantle's deep rigid portion liying between the plasticklike asthenosphere and the core.
Mid-ocean ridge - The long, continuous mountain chain found in all oceans; ocean crust is created by the process of sea-floor spreading at its crest Mountain's long chain that's found in all oceans, the crust of the ocean is being created by ther process of the sea floor expanding from it's crest.
Mohorovicic discontinuty(Moho) - A compositional and density discontinuity marking the interface between the rocks of the crust and the mantle compositional density discontinuity marking the interface between rocks of crust and the mantle.
Oceanic crust - The outermost rock shell of the earth, some 5 kilometers thick, that underlies ocean basins; it is composed of basalt and sedimentary layers earth's outermost rock shell that's about 5 kilometer's thick wich underlies ocean basins, it's made up of asalt and sedimentary layers.
Oceanic Ridge - The long, continuous mountain chain found in all oceans; ocean crust is created by the process of sea-floor spreading at its crest Mountains long chain found in all oceans, crust is being created by process of seafloor expanding at it's crest.
Passive continental margin - A subsiding continental margin situated in a nontectonic setting away from a lithospheric plate boundary. An example of a passive continental margin is the Atlantic margin of North and South America A slow subsiding continental margin with a lot tectonic movement.
Relief - The difference in elevation between the highest and lowest points in an area many different elevations from highest to lowest in points in the area.
Rift valley - -- The fault-bounded valley found along the crest of many ocean ridges; it is created by tensional stresses that accompany the process of sea-floor spreading fault bounded valley that's at the crest of oceans ridges it's created by tensional stresses that accompanies process of sea floor.
Seamount --- A large, individual peak, volcanic in origin, with a crest that rises more than 1,000 -- An acronym for sound navigation and ranging;large volcanic origin, a crest that gose up to 1,000 m above sea floor.
Shelf break - The steepening of the bottom that marks the seaward limit of the continental shelf and the beginning of the continental slope bottom being marked in seaward limit in the continental shelf and starting at the continental slope.
Sonar - -- An acronym for sound navigation and ranging; an instrument used to locate objects underwater by reflecting sound waves acronym sound navigation and ranging, instrument that finds obejects in underwater by the reflection of soud waves.
Sounding - Determining the depth of water beneath a vessel knowing the depth of water under a vessel.
Submarine Canyon - -- Deeply incised, steep-walled valley, commonly V-shaped in profile, that is cut into the rocks and sediments of the outer continental shelf and the continental slope V shaped continental shelf valley and the continental slope.
Trench - Long, narrow, and deep topographic depressions associated with volcanic arcs that together mark a collisional zone where one lithospheric plate is overriding another deep topographic depressions with volcanic arcs.
Vertical exaggeration - The exaggeration of the vertical scale relative to the horizontal scale in a topographic profile or section vertical scale that's almost the same as the horizontal scale.
Continental Crust - The light, buoyant granitic rock that underlies continental masses and averages about 35 kilometers in thickness light buoyant grantic rock,underlies continental mass and averages 35 kilometers in thickness.
Continental margin - -- The drowned edges of continents consisting of the continental shelf, the continental slope, and the continental rise drowned edges of continents that cinsist of the continental shelf, continental slope, continental rise.
Continental rise - The enormous wedge of sediment deposited at the base of the continental slope Wedge of sediment at the base of the continental slope.
Continental shelf - The shallow, near-horizontal sea floor extending from the coast to the upper continental slope Sea floor extending from the coast to the upper continental slope.
Continental slope - The sloping sea bottom of the continental margin that begins at a depth of about 100 to 150 meters at the shelf edge and ends at the top of the continental rise or in a deep-sea trench Sloping sea bottom of continental margin beggening at a depth of 100 to 150 meters at the self edge and ends of top of continental rise or deep sea trench.
Contour line - -- A line drawn on a map that connects all points of equal value (elevation, temperature, salinity, etc.) and that is used to portray the third dimension on a two-dimensional surface a line on a map that connects all points (elevation, temperature, salinity)
Core - The innermost region of the earth that begins at the base of the mantle; it is composed of a very dense alloy of iron and nickel intermost region of the earth that's at the base of mantel it's made up of alloy of iron and nickel.
Crust - -- The thin outermost sphere of the solid Earth consisting of either basalt (ocean crust) or granite (continental crust). Thin outermost sphere of solid earth that's made up of basalt or granite.
Deep-sea trenches - Long, narrow, and deep topographic depressions associated with volcanic arcs that together mark a collisional zone where one lithospheric plate is overriding another Topographic depressions assisiating with volcanic arcs and make a collisional zone, and one lithosphereric plate is overriding another.
Density- -- The ratio of a mass to a unit volume specified as grams per cubic centimeter ration of mass to unit volume known as grams per pubic cm.
Echo sounding - Determining water depth by measuring the time for a pulse of sound emitted near the surface to be reflected off the bottom and return to the surface measuring water depth by the time of pulse of sound made near the surface so that it could reflect off the bottom and to be returned of to the surface.
Fault - A fracture in rocks or sediments along which there has been some slippage fractures in rock or sediments that have had some slippage.
Fracture Zone - A linear zone of highly irregular, faulted topography that is oriented perpendicular to ocean-spreading ridges linear zone highley irregular faulted topography being oriented perpendicularley to ocean spreading ridges.
Frequency distribution - The arrangement of data that shows the occurrence and range of the values of a variable order of data showing occurrences of range of values of variables.
Abyssal plain
Altimetry
Andesite
Asthenosphere
Basalt
Bathymetry
Bathythermograph
Bimodal distribution
Biosphere
Compensation depth, isostatic
Continental crust
Continental margin
Continental rise
Continental shelf
Continental slope
Contour line
Core
Crust
Deep-sea trenches
Density
Echo sounding
Fault
Fracture zone
Frequency distribution
Granite
Guyot
Hydrosphere
Igneous rock
Isobath
Isostasy
Latitude
Lithosphere
Longitude
Mantle
Mesosphere
Mid-ocean ridge
Mohorovicic discontinuity (Moho)
Oceanic crust
Oceanic ridge
Passive continental margin
Relief
Rift valley
Seamount
Shelf break
SONAR
Sounding
Submarine canyon
Trench
Vertical exaggeration