EXACERBATION OF POLITICAL SITUATION AS A RESULT OF DECLARATION ON THE INDEPENDENCE OF GEORGIA

Provocative Abkhaz was war planned by certain forces long ago. Abkhazia was supposed to be a "hot point" which in case of necessity should have nipped in the bud the strive of Georgia for freedom and independence. In 1989 the outbreaks of international conflicts occurred nearly everywhere at one and the same time, their geography, involving Pridnestrovie, Nagorni Karabakh, Abkhazia and South Ossetia. It is indicative that the leaders of all four rebellious regions entered the faction "Sojuz" at the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and naturally were governed from the center. Long before the unleashing of the war V.Ardzinba stated more than once: "We shall make Georgians to open war actions themselves. The war against Georgia will bring to a small Abkhaz nation the recognition of the world community and the recognition of the world community in its turn will bring Abkhazia independence".

Though Abkhazian conflict or Abkhazian war factually started on August 14, 1992, the ground for the war was prepared by Abkhaz separatists ten years ago. I would recall only some of the events from the political life of Abkhazia, some episodes from the long chain which logically stipulated for unleashing war in Abkhazia, the guilt for which before Abkhaz people and humanity is entirely on Abkhaz separatists and their once secret and now unmasked accomplices and political leaders.

Nearly forty years ago in 1957 Abkhaz intelligentsia made appeal to the supreme bodies of the power to decide the issue of transferring Abkhazia under the jurisdiction of Russia. Ten years later in 1967, Abkhaz community for the second time appealed to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the USSR and other instances with the request to remove Abkhazia from the composition of Georgian SSR. Another ten years later in 1978, in relation to the new Constitution of the USSR and respectively Georgian SSR, the issue of including Abkhazia into the composition of Russia and providing it with the right of free exit from the composition of Georgia was raised again. Another ten years later in 1988, Abkhazs again appealed to Russian authorities with the request to change the autonomous status of Abkhazia and present it with the rights of the Soviet Republic. The same request was repeated on March 18, 1989 at the rally arranged by "Aidgilara" in the village of Likhni and on July 15, 1989, the Abkhazs provoked Abkhaz-Georgian conflict on national ground, thus marking the first armed episode against the united state of Georgia. In this conflict 17 people died and 448 were wounded.

Separatist intention of warming up by the accomplices and patrons was evident at earlier stages of life of Abkhazia.

The war in Abkhazia was practically inevitable. The Georgians residing in Abkhazia, managed several times to prevent it, but seemingly not all efforts happened to be successful. Each step made by Abkhazs whether political or violent was paving the way for and approaching the armed conflict. Then during the events of July 15-16 the whole Georgia goaded into action. On the very next day to the River of Galidzga more than 50 000 Georgians arrived. A fighting spirit inspired us, we were knit together and the enemy failed to defeat us. Unfortunately we have not punished anybody then and did not make any conclusions. Taking into consideration the lessons of the failure, the enemy started to prepare for the second attack which was successfully completed in the fall of 1993. By this time Abkhazs under the pretence of robbing warehouses of Russian Armed Forces got more than thousand of sub-machine guns, 275 machine guns, armored troop carriers and ammunition.

The days of culture of Adigei, Kabardino-Balkaria, Chechnya were regularly conducted in Abkhazia, and their delegation usually included 500-600 young men, who stayed in Gudauta after festivals to prepare for the war actions. Boeviks from Nagorno-Karabakh, Dniestrian region, Turkey, Syria and various regions of Russia also came. They brought military equipment.

Mobilisation of the residents began. Svetlana Chervonnaya writes in her book about one of the conversations with V.Ardzinba, "We have been ready for a long time already. We can put all the inabitants to arms in half an hour. Our armouries are full of your, Russian weapons, and we can get twice and three times as many any moment. We have communicated with the treasury. Soon a war begins here, and not only the Caucasus, but the whole Russia will be involved".

A lot of people remember the well-known words by N.S.Khruschev - "If Georgians are not clever enough, I'll set Abkhazians to them". This motto is quite effective today, and unfortunately they set not only Abkhazians, but cannibals of other nationalities on Georgia at the beginning of the 90-ies

To prove such impudent policy of one of the prime leaders of the powerful empire, I will cite an abstract from the book of my older friend, Devi Sturua, a well-known man in Georgia, who being a Secretary of the CC CP of Georgia was the witness of a lot of scenes

"One August evening in 1962 V. P. Mzhavandze rang me up and asked to come Secretary of the Abkhaz Obkom of the Communist Party of that time Michael Timurovich Bgazhba was in his study

I greeted them and sat down at the attached table After a significant pause Mzhavandze addressed Bgazhba

- Repeat, what you have told me Just now

Bgazhba winced He obviously disliked Mzhavandze's suggestion

- This information is only for you, Vasili Pavlovich

- Never mind, speak

- Perhaps, better not, Vasili Pavlovich

- Tell him, nothing will happen

I understood with horror that he was trying to make me write a report on Abkhazia Joining the Krasnodar region I was not going to do it, as it meant ruining the Abkhaz people

- And if they press strongly⁷ - I asked

- I'll by no chance write it

- Was anybody present during the conversation⁷

- Khruschev s wife, Nina Petrovna, and his assistants Lebedev and Shevchenko

- Keep all this to yourself, Mzhavandze summed up If he demands it again, inform me immediately

When Bgazhba left, Vasili Pavlovich walked up and down the study, and then asked in Georgian - Do you believe this⁷

Mzhavandze's question was explained by the fact that Michael Timurovich, middle speaking was a master of unexpected improvisations Probably he just wanted to cajole the authorities of Georgia, and to present himself a kind of a hero, as though he had opposed the will of Khruschev himself It was practically impossible to check his information Could Mzhavanadze really ask Khruschev, whether he had given such a task to Bgazhba⁷ On the other hand, it was rather risky to invent such a thing Mzhavandze might hint Khruschev at his such perfidious task Then Bgazhba could get in an unenviable position He could be chased away not only from his'post, but also from the party for "slandering" at the first person in the state

Frankly speaking I am personally sure that such or a similar conversation between Khruschev and Bgazhba took place Later I asked Michael Timurovich more than once, whether similar demand had been repeated and he answered 'no"

Pre-war Abkhazia is an unprecedented case in the world practice Before the war the inhabitants of the autonomous republic numbered 530 thousand people 289 thousand, or 56 6% of them were Georgians, 80 thousand - Abkhazians, while the rest were Russians, Armenians, Greek, Estonians, Jews Despite such a diversity of nations, 8 out of 15 deputies of the Supreme Council of USSR were Abkhazians, five of the eight successfully changing each other Prime Secretaries of the CP Obkom were also Abkhazians, 140 deputies of the Supreme Council of Abkhazian CP included 57 Abkhazians, 53 Georgians, and 8 out of 12 Ministers of Abkhazia were also Abkhazians They had their own University, television, theatre, schools, publishing houses, newspapers and magazines, their own Supreme Council, Supreme Court, Abkhaz young men had privileges while entering higher educational institutions Thus, before the war the Abkhazians had privileges which many of the entities of Russian federation have not got today, autonomous republics including

Apartheid elections were conducted in Abkhazia in 1991 Despite the fact that some part of Georgian inhabitants of Abkhazia were against such Law on elections, the elections were still conducted in view of the political situation observed at that time Besides the Law envisages the nation staff of the deputies - 28 Abkhazians, 26 Georgians 11 representatives of other nations, the electoral districts were also formed in favour of the Abkhazians e g the electorate of polling station 28 in Gagra where I was balloting, numbered more than 15 thousand, while the situation was quite different at the polling station, where Abkhazians were to be elected, e g the electorate at the polling station where Kapba was to be elected - in Tkvarcheli electoral district, numbered only 2 thousand The Law on elections ran that any changes in the constitution could by adopted only by not less than two third of votes, which was also often infringed roughly, it may be concluded that all the resolutions, the Constitution of Abkhazia including are illegal If may be said that the elections in Abkhazia in 1991 is an unprecedented case in the world practice of elections

Abkhaz separatists were duing their dirty business with enviable operativeness, both at the battle field, and at the ideological front First of all, they began forming the ideological basis of the crimes The ideological machine of the Abkhaz fascism used to publish book after book in various languages to discredit Georgians Using pseudo-scientific works, studies, falsified statements and documents of all kinds, they tried and are trying today to deceive international public organizations, distort facts, spread lies and slander, artificially invent as if there were aggression against a poor, little nation A false history of invented independent Abkhaz state is taught in primary schools, the image of an enemy in the face of Georgian has been formed for decades, and Tbilisi and Georgians are accused of all the misfortunes of Abkhazians The tragedy, which happened 100 years ago and is desncbed in the history as "mechargist" is described as specially committed by Georgians The Abkhazians, who used to struggle against Georgians, are proclaimed national heroes All this has formed the basis for the anti-Georgian ideological basis

Adoption of illegal acts and resolutions, practically separating Abkhazia from Georgia and forbidding the Law of Georgia at the territory of Abkhazia was the next stage The Ministry of Interior Affairs, the Committee of Security, the Procurator's Office, various economic and budget organizations were brought out of the subordination of Georgia Before the war the Abkhaz Supreme Council adopted a resolution on the termination of the power of the Constitution of 1978 and of the restoration of the Constitution of 1925 which practically proclaimed independence of Abkhazia

In the 60-ies high authorities in Abkhazia formed organized extremist groups, the aim of the activities of which was to limit the sovereign right of Georgian republic Infringement of its territorial integrity forced separation of Abkhazia from Republic of Georgia

To simplify the realization of the above criminal aims and to lead international public in error, the extremist-conspirators specially distorted the historical facts, used political insinuations, tendentiously invented stories on Georgians conquering Abkhazia, on the oppression of the Abkhaz ethnos and its physical annihilation The separatists used to implant the doctrine on the impossibility of peaceful coexistence of Georgians and Abkhazians based on hatred of humanity for the decades

The armed struggle for the realization of "right for self-determination" by fascist methods, forceful infringement of the territorial integrity of the country, change of the demographic conditions by chasing and exiling ethnic groups was raised at the state policy

The image of the "enemy" - Georgian was drawn with the aim to change the historical orientation of the neighbour, friendly nations To please some persons in Russia, they stated with the entire perfidy characteristic for them that Abkhazia was also Russia, and all its treasures belonged to Russia The Muslims residing in the North Caucasus and abroad were told that the Caucasus is a unity, and indivisible for the Muslims, that Georgians were practically annihilating Abkhazians and they permanently asked for their help

The bandit troops of the ex-president acting in Abkhazia were encouraging them in the wish to throw down the government of Georgia, in committing diverse and terrorists acts, in establishing disorder and chaos in the country

The propagandist machine of the extremists was activated full-scale The movement of gatherings, funds, arms, forming the groups of murderers abroad and sending them to Georgia for rescuing the "oppressed" Abkhazians, was formed with enviable speed

Mass media of some states, which failed to understand the real meaning of the events started an obvious pro-Abkhaz propaganda in protection of "poor chased" Abkhazians, for organizing the march against "cannibals" - Georgians Numerous documentary proofs of ruining and genocide of Georgian inhabitants of Abkhazia have been studied and recorded to disclose that fascist ideology of separatism and to make public its practical steps

Beginning from the spring 1990, the separatists activated their struggle against the Georgian state system

On August 23,1990 during the session of the Supreme Council of Abkhaz Autonomous Republic, Chairman of the Presidium V Kobakhia, deputy D Ajinjal and others distorted the historical facts, saying as if nothing connected Abkhazia with Georgia, and provided the pulse to a new wave of hatred, which caused great damage to the traditional friendship and brotherhood of Georgians and Abkhazians

The separatists methodically and constantly conducted their dirty activities for the organization of social explosions and provoked bloodshed collisions through "Aidgyilara" organization, the one of the program tasks of which was to distort the history of Abkhazia and Georgia, and of Abkhaz-Georgian relations.

The papers on the case show clearly the whole spectrum of anti-state activities of the leaders of "Aidgyilaryi" and other organizations. They perpetually and endlessly kept spreading statements, calls, appeals, the so-called "scientific studies", the basic aim of which was to form the ideological ground for the infringement of the territorial integrity of Georgia. They continue industriously publishing similar works today, e.g. such works as "Abkhazia -. Chronicle of the non-announced war", "The white book of Abkhazia", "Abkhazian tragedy", etc. are published.

The Abkhaz separatists keep saying as if Georgians are trying to "make Georgians" of Abkhazians, as if Abkhazia has never been a part of Georgia, and that for centuries it had been an independent, sovereign state.

Alexei Gogua, an ideologist of the separatists states that Georgians "have brought one of the most ancient nations of the Caucasus and its culture to the state of a shock, and turned its autonomy into a mere formality, using annihilation and making weaker its intelligentsia, closing Abkhaz schools, moving more than 200 000 Georgians from other regions to the best lands of Abkhazia, which caused assimilation of some part of the permanent residents. D.Tarba, B.Salaria and others repeat the same. And the policy of split and separating Abkhazia from Georgia is mainly based on the above statements.

Slander of the separatists experienced in blackmail and demagogy did not always meet the proper principal response and reproof. In the result, as Mrs. Svetlana Chervonnaya, D.Sc., quite correctly notes: "in 1990-1992 the image of the enemy - Georgia was constantly inspired in the mind of the masses of people from the pages of the Abkhaz nationalist press, tribunes of the University auditoriums, institutes and school classrooms. Any Georgian, even the closest neighbour was an enemy. He was accused of all the misfortunes of Abkhaz people - decrease of the life level, infringement of the rhythm of the holidays, deficit of the goods; it was inspired that all this was misappropriated and robbed by the enemy. An ordinary Georgia was depicted as a bandit, a murderer, a merciless sadist".

Propaganda of such ideas of hostility and revenge prepared the ideology of physical hatred against Georgians, which triggered the tragedy of Georgians in Abkhazia.

Announcement of the group interests of Abkhazian ethnocrats as general, national ones, and formation of the ground for the separation, was simplified by the deeds of some Georgian hurrah-patriots, when in the struggle for political and state self-establishment they kept using insulting expressions and threatening addresses to non-Georgian inhabitants.

Rather often Abkhazians, doubting their rights in Georgia, were the objects of these attacks. Such an unjustified attitude of the separatists towards them for many years deepened the already implanted disbelief between Abkhazians and Georgians. '

Territorial integrity and sovereignty of every state within the recognized boundaries are guaranteed by the United Nations Organization. It naturally concerns Georgia too. After the split of the Soviet Union according of the Alma-Ata Treaty of December 21,

1991. the sovereignty of Georgia, as well as of other republics was applied to the whole territory belonging to it, Abkhaz Autonomous Republic including. Abkhaz ethnocrats also know it very well. So the separatists forcefully put quasi-legal pre-conditions and a false juridical mechanism in the basis of the legal argumentation in favour of the process of separating Abkhazia from Georgia.

On August 25, 1990 the Supreme Council of the Autonomous Republic adopted Declaration "On the state sovereignty of Abkhaz Soviet Republic", which one-sidedly in contrast to the Constitution of Republic of Georgia and Abkhaz Autonomous Republic practically proclaimed separation from Georgia. According to this declaration, "the Supreme Council of Abkhaz ASSR provided the institutional representation in it of the nation, which gave the name to the republic".

We have some documents in possession which confirm the objectiveness of the above characteristics, and allow to see clearly the most important trends of the policy conducted by Vladislav Ardzinba in Abkhazia during the whole 1991 and the first half of 1992. which subsequently and on purpose prepared the future war.

Resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of Abkhazia of December 29, 1991 (signed by Vladislav Ardzinba) "On the dislocation of the armed divisions, offices of the Frontier Guards and Interior Forces, Navy, and changes in the order of their functioning at the territory of Abkhazia" was among such documents. The text of the resolution ran as follows:

Presidium of the Supreme Council of Abkhazia resolves:

1. Military divisions, offices. Frontier Guards, Interior Troops, Navy Forces shall be dislocated at the territory of Abkhazia in conformity with the will of people and the Constitution of Abkhazia

Their further presence in Abkhazia will be wholly and completely within the competence of the Supreme Council of Abkhazia and shall be determined by political agreements and legal norms

Any laws, no matter who they are adopted by, contradicting the above statement and aimed at breaking the defense power of the republic, destabilization of the military and political situation in the region and not meeting the requirements of the Constitution of the republic in force, will bear no juridical force

2 Taking into consideration the fact that the bodies of local defense management (commissariats, civil defense, technical defense societies), as well as military divisions No 5482, 3697, shall be passed under the law of the republic their property, equipment and weapons as well as buildings, constructions and others are proclaimed the property of Abkhazia in conformity with Clause 11, Constitution of Abkhazia

At the present moment the staff and the positions of the above defense bodies shall not undergo changes in the part of Abkhazia and shall be controlled according to the established order, as long as the problem is completely solved on the base of interstate agreements

3 The staff of the commissariats, Headquarters of the system of civil defense and military and technical societies of Abkhazia have no longer any right to pass and annihilate their property on the base of the previously established order, without the respective resolution of the Abkhaz Council of Ministers

4 The Abkhaz Council of Ministers shall determine the order of the execution of par 2 and 3 of the present Resolution

5 The Military Commissar, Head of the Civil Defense Headquarters, Chairman of the Military and technical Society (DOSAAF) shall submit their suggestions on the organization and the staff structure of the offices under their subordination to the Abkhaz Supreme Council before January 15, 1992

6 The present Resolution comes into force from the moment of its signing

Chairman of the Supreme Council of Abkhazia

V. Ardzinba

Sukhumi, December 29,1991

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Simultaneously Resolution of the Supreme Council of Abkhazia "On the formation of the Interim Council for coordinating the activities and passing defense and militia divisions dislocated in Abkhazia under the subordination of Chairman of the Supreme Council of Abkhazia was adopted, which in particular ran as follows

Due to the disintegration of the Union of SSR and liquidation of the Union administrative bodies, the troops of the USSR, those of the Interior Ministry including, and following the interests of the multinational population of Abkhazia an Interim Council for the coordination of the activities and re-subordination of the defense and Militia Troops dislocated at the territory of Abkhazia shall be formed under the subordination of the Chairman of the Supreme Council of Abkhazia, consisting of the Interim Council Chairman — V. G . Ardzinba,

Interim Council for coordinating the activities and re-subordinating defense and Militia troops shall follow the respective, approved resolution in their activities

Chairman of the Supreme Council of Abkhazia V Ardzinba Sukhumi, December 23, 1991

To adjust recruiting to the active military service and for strictly following Law "On General Military Service", Presidium of Abkhaz Supreme Council orders

1 In April-June to call to the active military service in the troops of the Interior Forces of Abkhaz republic people who have reached the age of 18, and have no right for postponing the service

2 To form the Republican recruiting Commission under the chairmanship of the Head of United Military Mobilization Department of Sukhumi to subordinate the regional recruiting Commissions and to monitor their activities

3 To establish that the call to the active military service outside Abkhazian Republic shall be made in conformity with the achieved agreements and on the base of the order for levy, approved by Chairman of the Inetnm Council for coordinating the activities of the armed troops

4 The Ministry of Interior Affairs, the Procurator's office of Abkhaz Republic in cooperation with the executive bodies and the Military Mobilization Department shall strictly follow the regulations of the levy Official proceedings shall be instituted against the persons avoiding the levy in conformity with the Law in force

5 Heads of the secondary, specialized secondary schools and higher educational institutions shall submit the lists of students of the service age to the Military Mobilization Department and offices, made in conformity with the established form

6 The Military offices and departments of the executive Committees of the Council of Public deputies shall prepare the reports on the persons of the service age before May I of this year

7 Permanent Commissions of the Supreme Council of Abkhaz Republic (on human rights, international relations and Juridical questions) shall draft Bill "On General Military Service" and "On Alternative Military Service" and submit them to the Supreme Council of Abkhaz Republic for consideration before May 1, this year

8 The resolution comes into force from the moment of its signing

Chairman of the Supreme Council of Abkhaz Republic

V Ardzinba

Sukhumi, March 31, 1992

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Sukhumi was preparing well for the forthcoming war the lists "drawn up in conformity with the established form", allowing to make ethnic filtering were prepared in advance, the recruiting commissions (from August they were renamed as mobilization stations) were kept under the control, the proceedings were instituted against the persons "avoiding the levy", and Commission for Human rights headed by ardent archaeologist Ju Voronov (known in the limited circles as "Gennox") was busy fulfilling its duties

All the other participants and all the trends of the activities of the Supreme Council of Abkhazia trying to hold the reigns of the legislative and executive power in their hands, were keeping the pace of the military provision of the forthcoming coup In this view Law of Abkhaz Republic "On subordinating some state administration bodies of the Abkhaz Republic" also signed by a single man, Chairman of the Supreme Council was also quite characteristic All the controls, all the force, financial, economic bodies, all the offices bringing revenues, the health resort area ("recreation resources") including, missing none of them were taken under their control, sharing no responsibility and unlimited power with anybody, everything had to be gathered in one iron fist The Law ran

The present Law establishes subordination of some state managerial bodies of Abkhaz Republic

Clause 1 Due to the reorganization of the Committee of Security of Abkhaz republic it shall be brought out of the structure of the Council of Ministers of Abkhaz republic and passed under the subordination of the Supreme Council of Abkhaz republic

Clause 2 State Committee of State property management shall be brought out of the subordination of the Council of Ministers of Abkhaz republic and pass it under the subordination of the Supreme Council of Abkhaz republic with the aim of providing normal conditions for privatization

Clause 3 Taking into consideration deterioration of the ecological conditions and the necessity to take urgent measures for their improvement and for the preservation of the recreation resources of the republic, the State Committee for Environment Protection shall be withdrawn from the structure of the bodies of the Council of Ministers of Abkhaz Republic, and to pass it under the subordination of the Supreme Council of Abkhaz Republic

Clause 4 Permanent Commissions of the Supreme Council of Abkhaz Republic shall draw up draft regulations on the Committee of Security of Abkhaz Republic, State Committee of State Property Management and Privatization, and State Committee for Environment Protection and submit them for the consideration by the session of the Supreme Council of Abkhaz Republic

Chairman of the Supreme Council of Abkhaz Republic

V Ardzinba

Sukhumi, March 5, 1992

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All the appointments to the administrative posts in the republic made by V Ardzinba, remembering well Stalin's words that "cadre determine everything", were aimed at the formation of the single united group of faithful to the Chairman of the Supreme Council "well checked" people Their business quality and efficiency were not so important as their political similarity of thought, national origin (the managerial boards of the leading ministers and departments were formed as Russian-Abkhazian ones, and the workers of Georgian nationality were gradually dismissed from their posts), family and friendly relations, official recommendations of the "Slav Home" and Presidium of the Public Forum of Abkhazia "Aidgyilara" The latter played the role of almost obligatory "characteristics", without which it was impossible to move up the service stairs, as it had been in the old Soviet times In 1992 a definite bureaucracy stamp was developed proof of PFA that a candidate to this or that post was an active participant in the activities of PFA "Aidgyilara" was a kind of a warrant of his political reliability when nominating him to the post Let me cite one such recommendation - characteristic as an example

Public Forum of Abkhazia (PFA) "Aidgyilara" ex No 55, 13, May, 1992

To the Supreme Council of Republic of Abkhazia

Presidium of Public Forum of Abkhazia "Aidgyilara", having discussed the candidacy to the post of Minister of Education and Culture of

Republic Abkhazia at its sitting (Minutes, of 13 of May, 1992) has adopted a decision to support the candidacy of Chanba Nodar Viktorovich to the post, Chanba N.V. is an active member of PFA "Aidgyilara" and has demonstrated his great administrational abilities during the establishment of the Forum. He is an initiative person, able to join people, possesses wide and modern view of thought.

Deputy Chairman of PFA "Aidgyilara" R.Ebzhnoy

Presidium of the Supreme Council of Abkhaz Autonomous SSR

Input No. 41-210/6, 10.06.1992

It is interesting to follow one more trend of activities of the Abkhaz administration, which formed together with the military cadre and financial provision of the prepared "leading strike" its provision with definite man-power resources and with diplomatic support from abroad.

The aims of plot-makers - separatists become quite clear from Resolution "On legal guarantees of the protection of the Abkhaz State System "of August 26, 1990. They also used Peaceful ways and adopted discriminating resolutions "On the limitation of the passport registration of the citizens in Abkhaz ASSR" and "On changing surnames and nationalities" to change the demographic profile and to raise mechanically the number of the Abkhazians, which practically prohibited residence of non-Abkhazians in the region.

The above countries, which called themselves Abkhazians without presenting any confirming, papers. Separatists according to simplified secret ways made their passport registration.

Only in March 1992 one hundred persons arrived from Syria, Jordan and other countries, and were registered and allowed to become permanent residents of Sukhumi, Ochamchire and other towns and regions.

The practice of illegal passport registration was also widely used later, and continued wide-scale after the beginning of the conflict. The separatists granted the arrived "boeviks" with the right to reside and to organize revelry in Abkhazia.

Yes, they were the "boeviks" attracted here for using force for the accomplishment of the aims of the separatists.

It has been found out that several stations for recruiting volunteers were formed in Moscow, St.-Peterburg, Krasnodar and Stavropol regions, in the Far East and North Caucasus regions, and especially in Chechen Republic, when a definite part of the authorites had chosen aggressive separatism as the basic trend of their activities; from there endless streams of leQndits and murderers were arriving, and a lot of them had got their experience during the war in Afghanistan.

The great "service" in the matter of recruting and funding hired murderers belongs to Leader of the Confederation of Highland Nations of the Caucasus Musa Shanibov. He is the very Musa Shanibov, who proclaimed Georgia and its capital "the area of disaster", the ground for terrorist and diverse activities. On our request General procurator's Office of Russian federation instituted criminal proceedings against him, but later terminated the investigation under the pretence of lack of proof of his crimes. •

Shamil Basayev and his gang demonstrated special sadism and revelry in their attitude towards peaceful residents, helpless women, elderly people and children all over the territory of Abkhazia; their punishlessness cost too much for Russia itself and its citizens. It is the fact that despite our numerous requests, Russian right-protecting bodies have not made proper estimation of the heaviest crimes committed in Georgia by the hired murderers, Basayev including.

It was proved that the so-called volunteers made almost 60% of the armed gangs of the separatists during the Abkhaz conflict.

And the last, the concluding stage - change of the demographic conditions of the autonomous republic using genocide and ethnic purge for this purpose.

Edict of President of the Confederation of Highland Nations of the Caucasus (CHNC) Musa Shanibov and Chairman of CHNC Parliament Jusup Soslanbekov ran:

Due to the fact that all the possible ways for peaceful solution of the problem of withdrawing occupational forces of Georgia from the territory of sovereign Abkhazia have been depleted, and in view of the execution of the Resolution adopted at the 10th session of CHNC Parliament.

1. All the headquarters of the Confederation shall guarantee transportation of the volunteers to the territory of Abkhazia for armed repulse of the aggressor.

2. All the armed troops of the Confederation shall use arms and join battle, and get to the territory of Abkhazia by any means if any forces try to prevent them.

3. Tbilisi City shall be proclaimed the area of disaster. All the possible methods, terrorist acts including shall be used.

4. All the persons of Georgian nationality shall be considered hostages at the territory of the Confederation.

5. All the cargo for Georgia shall be detained and their transportation prevented". 

The present Agreement is concluded between DM of Republic Abkhazia on the one hand, and Shemyakin Dimitri Borisovich, on the other hand, further on referred to as the Customer and the Executor, respectively.

The Executor is obliged to fulfil the battle task, specified by the Ministry of Defense of Republic Abkhazia at its territory and outside it

from ——————— to ————————

DM of Republic Abkhazia is obliged to pay the following amounts for any annihilated:

plane — 300 (three hundred) thousand roubles;

helicopter — 200 (two hundred) thousand roubles;

heavy tank - 100 (one hundred) thousand roubles;

medium size tank — 90 (ninety) thousand roubles;

GMP-1, BMP-2 - 80 (eighty) thousand roubles;

MTLB - 70 (seventy) thousand roubles;

light injury - 100 (one hundred) thousand roubles;

medium injury - 200 (two hundred) thousand roubles;

heavy injury — 300 (three hundred) thousand roubles. Pension for close relatives (mother, father, wife, underage children). Coverage of all the expenses for medical treatment, life pension, equivalent to the average salary in Russia, in case of mutilation and invalid condition.

Coverage of all the funeral costs in the case of death. During the period of fulfilment of the battle task DM of Abkhaz republic shall pay 5 Sth. roubles per day

REPUBLIC OF ABKHAZIA

THE MINISTRY OF DEFENSE

To: Prime Deputy Interior Minister of Dniestrian Moldavian Republic General-Major Matveev N.S.

Dear Nikolai Stepanovich,

Special group "Dolphin" of the Militia Special Purpose Battalion (MSPB) Dniester successfully acted at the territory of the Eastern Frontier of Republic of Abkhazia from May to August 10, 1993. The group consisted of Major Teventiev A.V., Major Bytko A.N., Captain Danilin N.F., Lieutenant Ryizhikov E.N., Lieutenant Tsurkan A.Z., Lieutenant

Kulakov Yu.P., Major Pimenov Yu.N.

The group conducted diverse works in the rear of Georgian-fascist troops, successfully conducted intelligence and battle tasks, organized and conducted detainment of especially dangerous former convicts at the territory of the blocked Tkuarchel town. The group efficiently and highly professionally conducted the reception of the officers of the State Committee for Extraordinary Situations of Russia (SCES), transportation and guarding of the columns of refugees from the blocked town without any losses.

Sent to Abkhazia from Dniestrian Moldavian Republic special purpose group "Dolphin" have resulted 12 battle operations in the enemy's rear, which resulted in the damage of their plane,, blowing up the radio-relay station, getting one unit of the battle equipment of the enemy, annihilation of 34 units of the manpower forces of the enemy.

The officers of the group conducted an operation on misinforming and misorienting of the enemy, which allowed to begin successful movement forward along the whole frontier line.

We apply to you with a request to stimulate the staff of the group.

Chairman of the Supreme Council of Abkhaz Republic

V. Ardzinba

Sukhumi

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To: Prime Deputy Interior Minister of Dniestrian Moldavian Republic General-Major Matveev N.S.

REPORT

I report that on 25.06.1993 a group of captains Pimenov and Butko together with "Bat" frontier intelligence group sent a "Needle" missile in the region of v. Adzuizhba, aimed at the military freight plane TU-134 of the Air Forces of Georgia, landing into the military airdrome in v. Dranba. The missile hit the right engine of the plane. The fire started. The plane managed to land, but is not subject to repair. Serious damage was caused to the property of the enemy.

At 9pm the group came to Kodori bridge to prepare for blowing it up, but gets caught in ambush of the enemy. Fire contact took place on both sides at a distance of 15-30 meters. Our losses-wounded. Support began coming up to the enemy; the fire was conducted from the front and right-hand flange. The group retreated, and having passed 15-18km in the rear of the enemy with the wounded person they arrived at the temporary base in Otara -Abkhazian village.

Pimenov, Captain of Militia 27.06.93.

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 To: Prime Deputy Interior Minister of Dniestrian Moldavian Republic General-Major Matveev N.S.

REPORT

I report that on 25.06.93 group "Dniester" consisting of Lieutenants Ruizhikov and Kulakov together with "Dragon" group started on a raid to the region of Svanetia to annihilate HV line LEP-500. The preliminary fixed date of return to the base - 30.06.93

Pimenov, Captian of Militia

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To: Prime Deputy Interior Minister of Dniestrian Moldavian Republic General-Major Matveev N.S.

REPORT

I report that the group of the frontier intelligence got into the ambush in the vicinity of v. Akhalorsta on 30.06.93.

They asked for help over the transmitter. On 1.07.93 a group consisting of Pimenov, Butko, Dolinin, supported by "Bat" group, conducted a rescue operation at the depth of 12 km in the enemy's rear. The group was caught in an ambush. They failed to evacuate the bodies. The conductor was (badly) wounded.

The group returned to the base in v. Otara.

Captain Pimenov

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To: Prime Deputy Interior Minister of Dniestrian Moldavian Republic General-Major Matveev N.S.

REPORT

I report that from 1.07.93 a group consisting of Terentiev, Tsurkan. Ruizhikov and Kulakov took part in a large-scale operation on the liberation of village (unclear). Vehicle Ural, belonging to the DM of Georgia was captured. 3 units of live force of the enemy annihilated.

Captain Pimenov, 3.07.93

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To: Prime Deputy Interior Minister of Dniestrian Moldavian Republic General-Major Matveev N.S.

REPORT

I  report that on 2.06.93 the Georgian side stopped flights through theGeorgian frontier. Negotiations on restarting flights with humanitarian aid are in progress.

Captain Pimenov, 2.06.93.

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To: Prime Deputy Interior Minister of Dniestrian Moldavian Republic General-Major Matveev N.S.

REPORT

Let me report that on 6.06.93., some officers of "Dolphin" group consisting of Lieutenants Ruizhikov and Kulakov, and Major Chichenetz, conducted a special operation on the annihilation of the weapon emplacement of the enemy in the vicinity of v. Pokvesh. In the result the weapon emplacement and two units of the live force of the enemy were annihilated, RGP-7-1, AK-74-2 (one of them of Romanian origin) were captured as trophies. No losses on our side.

Pimenov, Captain of Militia, 7.06.93

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To: Prime Deputy Interior Minister of Dniestrian Moldavian Republic General-Major Matveev N.S.

REPORT

Let me report that a group of SPBM "Dniester" consisting of Lieutenant's Puizhikov and Kulakov, together with Major Chichenetz and soldiers of "Dragon" group annihilated the radio station of the enemy in the region of v. Bolunjava. No losses on our side.

Pimenov, Captain of Militia, 11.06.93

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To: Prime Deputy Interior Minister of Dniestrian Moldavian Republic General-Major Matveev N.S.

REPORT

Let me report that on 13.06.93 some members of the staff of SPBM "Dniester", consisting of Captains Pimenov and Butko together with "Bat" frontier intelligence group moved 12km deep in the enemy's rear in the region of Kodori river at v. Adzjuzhba.

Explosive ammonium T-19, 500kg. prepared for a special operation was transported.

No fire contact with the enemy. No losses. Pimenov, Captain of Militia, 13.06.93

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To: Prime Deputy Interior Minister of Dniestrian Moldavian Republic General-Major Matveev N.S.

REPORT

fli Let me report that on 19.06.93 a group consisting of captains Pimenov

and Butko together with "Bat" group of frontier reconnaissance, con- ducted a raid in the enemy's rear in the region of v. Otara-Abkhazian for the purpose of reconnaissance. The group moved at the depth of 10-15km of the enemy's rear. The increase in the number of the enemy and additional posts were found. No fire contact. No losses,

The tasks of the commanders have been fulfilled.

Pimenov, Captain of Militia, 21.06.93

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To: Prime Deputy Interior Minister of Dniestrian Moldavian Republic General-Major Matveev N.S.

REPORT

Let me report that on 20.06.93 a group of SPBM "Dniester", consisting of lieutenants Ruizhikov, Kulakov, and major Chichenetz moved to the region of v. Pirveli-Okhurei with the aim of hitting T-80 tank of the enemy from weapon PTYR "Konkurs". An ambush was organized, and the appeared tank was shot at from "Konkurs" weapon at a distance of 4 km. During shooting the tank moved back into the hiding place and the missile was aimed at the place of dislocation of the enemy. The explosion killed 2 and injured 4 live units of the enemy (on the report of the frontier special department). No losses on our part.

Pimenov, Captain of Militia, 22.06.93.

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To: Prime Deputy Interior Minister of Dniestrian Moldavian Republic General-Major Matveev N.S.

REPORT

Let me report that on 22.06.93 a group from SPBM "Dniester",consisting of lieutenants Ruizhikov and Kulakov, together with "Dragon" group conducted a special operation on the annihilation of the live force of the enemy in the region of Bedia village, 5 km deep in the enemy's rear. A fire contact with the enemy took place. Shelling from the vacuum flame-thrower "Shmel", the enemy's canteen was burnt during the meal time. The shelling was conducted at a distance of 300m; 4 units of the live force of the enemy were annihilated from the automatic weapon.