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| The Origin of Futhark Runes |
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| Copyright Audrey Fletcher Adelaide, South Australia 2000 - 2008 |
| The following chart interprets the progressive development of the Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphs, down through the Ages, to the Futhark Runes. To facilitate understanding, and eliminate confusion, the chart follows the modern alphabet sequence, rather than that of the Futhark Alphabet. |
| Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyph |
| Proto Sinaitic c1500BC |
| Phoenician Script c1000BC |
| Archaic Greek c800BC |
| Futhark Rune c300AD |
| Modern English 2000AD |
| Bull's horns |
| An ox |
| 'a' |
| alp |
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| bet |
| Leg Temple |
| House |
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| Right angle |
| gimel |
| ansuz |
| berkana |
| kenaz |
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| Abtu Fish |
| dag |
| dagaz |
| Fish / Day |
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| Salutation |
| 'e' |
| ehwaz |
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| fehu |
| Slug / Snail |
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| gimel |
| Right angle |
| gebo |
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| Tree of Life |
| het |
| Ladder |
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| Hand and Forearm |
| isa |
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| jera |
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| kaf |
| kenaz |
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| lauguz |
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| lam |
| mannaz |
| Ox-goad |
| Water and Cubit |
| mem |
| Water |
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| Nun |
| nun |
| Water |
| nauthiz |
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| 'ayin |
| Eye |
| Eye |
| Eyes: Ra and Ari Eye of the Day |
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| 'b' |
| 'c' |
| 'd' |
| 'f' |
| 'g' |
| 'h' |
| 'i' |
| 'i' |
| 'k' |
| 'l' |
| 'm' |
| 'n' |
| 'o' |
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| As U and W are recent there is a need to question translation |
| hagalaz |
| othala |
| ingwaz |
| uruz |
| thurisaz |
| raidho |
| wunjo |
| eihwaz |
| peordhro |
| elhaz |
| sowilo |
| tiwaz |
| Salutation |
| he |
| Antenna |
| NB: Phoenician "waw" above is ancestor of U and Y |
| Oil Lamp |
| Oil Lamp |
| yod |
| yod |
| Hand and Forearm |
| Hand and Forearm |
| Hand and Forearm |
| Oil Lamp |
| Lamp with Flames |
| 'p' |
| Opening |
| peh |
| 'r' |
| Ra |
| ra |
| 's' |
| sin |
| Sedge Plant |
| 't' |
| Sunrise and Tau |
| taw |
| 'u' |
| 'u' |
| 'z' |
| zayin |
| Bird |
| Bird |
| Hand and Forearm |
| 'i' |
| yod |
| Oil Lamp |
| gimel |
| 'c' |
| 'th' |
| qaf |
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| We have just taken the second step in deciphering the Runic or secret meaning of the Futhark Alphabet. |
| The Origins of Writing and the Alphabet |
| Pincers: Thoth |
| Thoth |