Hazard Assessment, hazard analysis, job safety analysis, or
risk factor analysis
Why Hazard Assessment,
hazard analysis, job safety analysis, or risk factor analysis?
- 29 CFR Part 1910. Subpart I
- Increases Awareness of Workplace Hazards
- Provides opportunity to identify and control workplace hazards
- Can lead to increased productivity
- May prevent an Occupational Injury or Illness
What is PPE?
- Equipment worn by an employee that is designed to prevent injury or
illness from a specific hazard
Before PPE
- Administrative Controls
- Change Work Practices
- Change Hazardous Duties
- Cease Hazardous Duties
- Engineering Controls
- Sound insulation
- Guards
- Tools
- Machine Guards
- Sound deadening/dampening
- Shielding
Controlling Hazards
- PPE devices alone should not be relied on to provide protection
against hazards, but should be used in conjunction with guards,
engineering controls, and sound work practices
Assessment and Selection
- It is necessary to consider certain general guidelines for
assessing the foot, head, eye and face, and hand hazard situations that
exist in an occupational operation or process, and to match the protective
devices to the particular hazard. It is the responsibility of the
supervisor to exercise common sense and appropriate expertise to accomplish
these tasks
Assessment Guidelines
- Conduct a walk through survey of the areas in question. The purpose
of the survey (or field observation) is to identify sources of
hazards to workers and co-workers
Hazard Sources
- sources of MOTION
- sources of EXTREME temperatures
- types of chemical exposures
- sources of harmful dust
- sources of light radiation
- sources of falling objects or potential for dropping objects
- sources of sharp objects
- sources or rolling or pinching objects
- layout of workplace and location of co workers
- any electrical hazards
In addition....
- Review injury/ accident data to help identify problem areas
- Following the walkthrough survey, it is necessary to organize the
data and information for use in the assessment of hazards. The objective
is to prepare for an analysis of the hazards in the environment to enable
proper selection of protective equipment
- Having gathered and organized data on a workplace, an estimate of
the potential for injuries should be made. Each of the basic hazards
should be reviewed and a determination made as to the type, level of risk.
and seriousness of potential injury from each of the hazards found in the
area
- The possibility of exposure to several hazards simultaneously
should be considered
- Become familiar with the potential hazards and the type of
protective equipment that is available, and what it can do; i.e.., splash
protection, impact protection, etc.
- Compare the hazards associated with the environment; i.e.., impact
velocities, masses, projectile shape, radiation intensities, with the
capabilities of the available protective equipment
- Select the protective equipment which ensures a level of protection
greater than the minimum required to protect employees from the hazards.
- Fit the user with the protective device and give instructions on
care and use of the PPE.
- It is very important that end users be made aware of all warning
labels for and limitations of their PPE
Reassessment of hazards
- It is the responsibility of the supervisor to reassess the
workplace hazard situation as necessary, by identifying and evaluating new
equipment and processes, reviewing accident records, and reevaluating the
suitability of previously selected PPE
So, you may be asking
"How can we accomplish this and comply with creating a safe work
environment for our employees?"
JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS
The breaking down into its component parts
of any method or procedure to determine the hazards connected with each key
step and the requirements for performing it safely
- New Jobs
- Severity Potential
- History of Disabling Injuries
- Frequency of Accidents
- Job means "task"
- (Changing a tire not auto mechanic)
"key" steps
- too detailed becomes cumbersome
- not enough detail becomes useless
- making the breakdown so detailed That an unnecessarily large number
of steps results
- making the job breakdown so general that basic steps are not
recorded
Key Steps TOO MUCH ---
Changing a Flat Tire
- Pull off road
- Put car in "park"
- Set brake
- Activate emergency flashers
- Open door
- Get out of car
- Walk to trunk
- Put key in lock
- Open trunk
- Remove jack
- Remove Spare tire
Key Steps NOT ENOUGH ---
Changing a Flat Tire
- Park car
- take off flat tire
- put on spare tire
- drive away
Key Job Steps JUST RIGHT
--- Changing a Flat tire<
- Park car, set brake
- remove jack & tire from trunk
- loosen log nuts
- jack up car
- remove tire
- set new tire
- jack down car
- tighten lug nuts
- store tire & jack
Hazards and potential injuries
that could occur in the example of "changing a tire"
Struck by Traffic
Back Strain
bang head on trunk
back/arm strain
slip & fall
car could fall off
jack
fingers pinched
back strain
back strain
slip & fall
Performing a Job Safety
Analysis or Hazard Analysis
- Select experienced worker(s) who will cooperate and participate in
the JSA process.
- Explain purpose of JSA
- Observe the employee perform the job and write down basic steps
- Completely describe each step
- Note deviations (Very Important!)
Identify Hazards &
Potential Accidents
- Search for Hazards
- Produced by Work
- Produced by Environment
- Repeat job observation as many times as necessary to identify all
hazards
Develop Solutions
- Find a new way to do job
- Change physical conditions that create hazards
- Change the work procedure
- Reduce frequency
New way to do job
- Determine the work goal of the job, and then analyze the various
ways of reaching this goal to see which way is safest.
- Consider work saving tools and equipment.
Change in physical conditions
- Tools, materials, equipment layout or location
- Study change carefully for other benefits (costs, time savings)
Change in work
procedures
- What should the worker do to eliminate the hazard
- How should it be done?
- Document changes in detail
Reduce frequency
- What can be done to reduce the frequency of the job??
- Identify parts that cause frequent repairs - change
- Reduce vibration save machine parts
Perform a follow-up
observation of the changes to assure action taken really corrected the issues
- A job that has been redesigned may affect other jobs or work
processes.
- Check or re-observe the new process once it has been redesigned
Here are a couple of forms to get you
started:
Job
Safety Analysis, hazard analysis, risk factor analysis form
Inspection/Observations
form
This information is provided to you as
An EHS Network of Central Kansas
"Safety Training Article"
Site
created by Deborah, © EHS Network
Updated
September 11, 2005
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