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1963
    Cuba    
Castro visits the Soviet Union. Despite this a period of ideological instability between the two nations follows.


    Ethiopia    
Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia plays a leading role in the formation of the Organization of African Unity. He also tries to deal with internal unrest - these include border clashes with Somalia, and a guerrilla secessionist movement in Eritrea.

Read up more on the history of the Organization of African Unity.


    Laos    
The Pathet Lao attacks the unified government of Souvanna Phouma. They get supplies and troops from North Vietnam.


    Romania    
Romania rejects the plan of the Council for Mutual Economic Awareness (COMECON) to integrate the economies of the Communist states.


    Iraq    
Kassem is overthrown by a group of officers, mainly from the Ba'th Party. Abdul Salam Arif becomes the new president. He advocates Arab nationalism and socialism.


    Soviet Union/United States    
The superpowers establish a direct communications link, or a "Hot Line" between Washington and Moscow for use in crisis situations.


    Soviet Union/United States    
The Soviet Union, the United States and Britain sign an important treaty banning atmospheric nuclear tests.


    China    
Zhou Enlai tours Asia and Africa. This is a major milestone in the development of friendly relations between China and other Asian and African countries. China begins to compete with the Soviet Union for influence among the members of the Nonaligned Movement, a group of countries not allied with the United States or the Soviet Union.


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Cold-War-at-a-Glance 2003