Mr. Haskell
History
11 May 2005
CH. 31 Study Guide
Appeasement: The policy of granting concessions to potential enemies to maintain peace. Neville Chamberlain's government used this type of rule. Hitler was becoming more and more aggressive and thought that the treaty of Versailles was unfair, but western democracies; not wanting to cause trouble did nothing.
Blitzkrieg: Hitler's main way of fighting known as "lightning war". In this Hitler attacked Poland and German planes struck and hit factories, towns, and cities. Sometimes dive-bombers would attack civilians and soldiers and then fly off quickly before reinforcements could strike back. Lightning quick warfare like this was used by the Germans in WW2, and it was based on speed and surprise
Cold war: The war between the United States and the Soviet Union was the "cold war". Though there wasn't any fighting there were still many different crisis, hostility and tension between opposing nations.
Collaborator: Were people who acted as spies and sought out and found Jews in Nazi occupied regions, they often helped to ship out Jews to deportation camps. These people helped to fuel racism and to help the holocaust, which led to the extermination of millions of Jews. Many tried this with Hitler.
Containment (policy): This basically stated that the world would try and limit the power and influence of communism other than areas already controlled by the USSR. It was a Foreign policy strategy attempted by the United States after World War 2. The strategy of containment was in the Truman Doctrine.
Genocide: Genocide is the direct intent to kill people different from them; it is one group trying to exterminate the other. In WWII Germany wanted to kill off all the Jews saying that the reason Germany was in such bad shape was because of the Jews. It was a mass murder of a certain race.
Kamikaze: A kamikaze pilot is one who purposely crashes himself into an American warship. With these kamikaze pilots it was obvious that Japan was getting tired of fighting, it was easier for them to send one of there men in for a suicide mission than fight one on one in war.
Pacifism: Pacifism is the opposition of all types of War, the belief that conflicts between countries can be solved avoiding conflict.. In WWII both Britain and France were against the war, because of the Great Depression and because they were still out of energy from
Winston Churchill: Churchill involved with the Cold War and he thought that Stalin was any thing but trustful. He also predicted a new danger facing the war stricken world. He was the British Prime Minister during World War. Second he was a major help to the United States.
Francisco Franco: Franco led a revolt that started a bloody civil war. His group known as nationalists rallied all others including communists, socialists, Loyalists, supporters of democracy, and others.
Dwight Eisenhower: Eisenhower was the supreme Allied commander who faced jobs such as assembling troops and supplies. Eisenhower was also in charge of leading the second front in Europe. He was President of the United States during the latter part of World War 2. He made major decisions during the war that affected the outcome
Haile Selassie: He was the king of Ethiopia. He appealed to the League of Nations when his country was being attacked by Italy. He led defending Ethiopian troops. The League of Nations really didn't do anything, in early 1936, Italy conquered Ethiopia. After they attacked he was no longer ruler of Africa but when Italy entered WW2 he regained control with the help of Britain.
Harry Truman: After FDR died suddenly on April 12th 1945, President Harry Truman took his place. Truman had to decide whether to drop an atomic bomb or to send millions of men to their death. During his few weeks as Vice President, Harry S. Truman received no briefing on the development of the atomic bomb or the unfolding difficulties with Soviet Russia. Suddenly these and a host of other wartime problems became Truman's to solve when, on he became President. Truman made some of the most crucial decisions in history. Truman, after consultations with his advisers, ordered atomic bombs dropped on cities devoted to war work. Two were Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Japanese surrender quickly followed.
Dunkirk: The Battle of Dunkirk lasted from around May 25 to June 3, 1940. After the Phony War the Battle of France began in earnest in mid-May 1940. It initially was intended to recover around 45,000 men of the British Expeditionary Force over two days, this was soon stretched to 120,000 men over five days. On May 27 a request was placed to civilians to provide all shallow draught vessels of 30 to 100 feet for the operation.
El Alamein: The Battle of El Alamein, fought in the deserts of North Africa, is seen as one of the decisive victories of World War Two. The Battle of El Alamein was primarily fought between two of the outstanding commanders of World War Two, Montgomery, who succeeded the dismissed Auchinleck, and Rommel. The Allied victory at El Alamein lead to the retreat of the Africa Korps and the German surrender in North Africa in May 1943.
Guernica: A painting by Pablo Picasso, named after a small town in Spain that was destroyed by Germans, that was 11 feet tall and 25 feet wide. It symbolized the violent affects of war using cubism.
Hiroshima: On August 6th, 1945 an atomic bomb was dropped on this mid sized city. It killed 70,000 people instantly and flattened four square miles. Truman warned Japan that if they did not surrender they could expect more. The rebuilt city is an important commercial and industrial center.
Nagasaki: The next day on August 7th, 1945 a second bomb was dropped killing more than 40,000 people. However some Japanese leaders still wanted to fight, but the others disagreed so on September 2, 1945 a formal peace treaty was signed.
Pearl Harbor: Pearl Harbor was an attack on the US by General Tojo at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. On December 7, 1941 Japanese planes attacked and sank 19 ships and killed more than 2,400 people. It became the site of a naval base after the United States annexed Hawaii in 1900. The United States entered World War II the following day.
Operation Barbarossa: Hitler unleashed a new blitzkrieg or bombardment (code name for attack on the Soviet Union by the Axis forces on the WW2). In this he poured 3 million Germans into Russia and caught Stalin unprepared. The operation was planned to crush the Russian army before the winter, but the red army demonstrated an enormous regeneration capacity.
D-Day: D-Day is the name for the largest invasion force in history. 4,000 ships carrying 100,000 men landed on the beaches of Normandy, France on June 6th 1944 at 5:30 am
Battle of Midway: The battle of Midway started on June 3rd, 1942. This was an important win for the Allies in World War II. The battle, fought with aircraft, resulted in the ruining of four Japanese aircraft carriers, smashing the Japanese navy.
Holocaust: The holocaust was a tragedy that was the result of 6 million Jews losing their lives. The holocaust was genocide against Jews and other nationalities not from Aryan descent.Holocaust- As German armies conquered new areas, the Nazis implemented their program to exterminate the Jewish people. Storm troopers rounded up Jewish men, women, and children, who were sent in cattle cars to death camps in Germany and Poland.
Cold War rivals (which nations): The cold war rivals were those who wanted democracy and those who wanted communism. Soviets lead the way of communism while the US leads the way of democracy. Cold War rivals (which nations)- The Cold War would last for more than 40 years. Rivalry between the hostile camps would not only divide Europe but would also fuel crises around the world
Francisco Franco: Franco led a revolt that started a bloody civil war. His group known as nationalists rallied all others including communists, socialists, Loyalists, supporters of democracy, and others. Francisco Franco- In 1936, a right-wing general, Francisco Franco, led a revolt that touched off a bloody civil war. Franco;s forces, called Nationalists, rallied conservatives to their banner.
Benito Mussolini: The fascist leader of Italy. He had a strong military and used it on Ethiopia, in northeastern Africa. In Italy, guerrillas captured the executed Mussolini. Italians, fed up with Mussolini, overthrew the Duce.
Adolph Hitler: In WWII Hitler led Germany on its conquest of expansion. He along with his allies tried to take over Europe and put it under Communistic Rule. He also agreed to go along with the Holocaust. Hitler and his supporters had devised plans for the;final solution of the Jewish problem;-the genocide, or deliberate destruction, of all European Jews. To accomplish this goal, Hitler had;death camps; built in Poland and Germany, at places like Auschwitz and Bergen Belsen
Tojo Hideki: Hideki was a Japanese General and statesmen. He approved the attack on Pearl Harbor and pushed Japan further into China. He became prime minister after he forced Konoye's resignation in Oct., 1941. His accession marked the final triumph of the military faction which advocated war with the United States and Great Britain. As the most powerful leader in the government during World War II, he approved the attack on Pearl Harbor and pushed the Japanese offensive in China, SE Asia, and the Pacific.
Neville Chamberlin: Chamberlain was Britain's prime minister who said that he had "achieved peace for our time." He was against all types of war and wanted only to see peace throughout the world. In the House of Commons, he declared that the Munich Pact had saved Czechoslovakia from destruction and Europe from Armageddon.
Franklin Roosevelt: In 1942, the Big Three-Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin- agreed to finish the war in Europe first before turning their attention to the Japanese in Asia. Roosevelt felt that Churchill had ambitions to expand British imperial power
Stalingrad: Stalingrad was one of the costliest of the war. In this battle Hitler wanted to control Stalin's namesake city. This battle killed 300,000 Germany men. The battle began when the Germans surrounded the city. After two weeks, trapped, without food or ammunition and with no hope of rescue, the German commander finally surrendered in early 1943.
Explain 2 reasons why the US used the atomic bomb against Japan: The US used the Atomic bomb against Japan because the Japanese were not willing to surrender so had to be invaded. Another reason was Japan had nearly 2 million more men willing to fight for their country and to defend it.