A. The Great Liberation
1. In Asia and Africa, people demanded and won freedom
2. Resistance to colonial rule had begun long before
3. The needs of goals of developing nations transformed the postwar world
B. The Cold War Goes Global
1. The new nations emerged into a world dominated and divided by the Cold War
2. Nonaligned, that is, not allied to either side of the Cold War
3. The Cold War ended suddenly in 1991 when the Soviet Union collapsed
C. New Nations Seek Stability
1. While new nations had high hopes for the future, they faced immense problems
2. The new nations wrote constitutions modeled on those of western democracy
3. As problems multiplied, the military or authoritarian leaders often took over
D. The Shrinking Globe
1. Interdependence is the dependence of counties on goods
2. The United Nations was set up as a forum for settling disputes
3. UN agencies provide services for millions of people world wide
E. Enduring Issues
1. Terrorism is the deliberate use of random violence, especially against civilians
2. Militants on both sides of the conflict in Northern Ireland murdered civilians
3. The human rights debate raises tough issues
II. Global Economic
A. The Global North and South: Two Worlds of Development
1. The Cold War created an ideological split between the communist East and the capitalist West
2. They control most of the world’s wealth
3. The global South refers to the developing world
B. Economic Interdependence
1. Rich and poor nations are linked by many trade and financial ties
2. Huge multinational corporations, enterprises with branches in many countries
3. Much of the world’s oil comes from the Middle East
C. Obstacles to Development
1. Privatization, selling off state owned industries to private investors
2. Across the developing world, people are caught in a cycle of poverty
3. Many developing nations have tried to slow population growth
D. Economic Development and the Environment
1. Acid rain, a form of pollution in which toxic chemicals in the air come down to the Earth as rain
2. Major accidents focuses attention on threats to the environment
3. In response to such disasters, technicians have developed measures such disasters
III. Changing Patterns of Life
A. The Village: Continuity and Change
1. It is also families, neighbors, and an enduring way of life
2. Later, people gather at small open-fronted shops around the village square
3. Many village ways have endured for centuries
B. Old Ways and New
1. In cities, the traditional extended family of rural villages if giving way to the nuclear family
2. In the cities, people adopted western fashions and ideas
3. Despite revolutionary changes, many traditions remain strong
C. New Rights and Roles for Women
1. Some Roman Catholic clergy adopted a movement called liberation theology
2. A small but growing number of women won elected office
3. Yet new roles of women raised difficult social issues
D. Science and Technology
1. Since 1945, technology has transformed human life and thought
2. Other European nations, as well as Japan and China, launched their own satellites
3. In the postwar era, medicine achieved amazing successes
E. A New International Culture
1. The driving force behind this global culture has been the United States
2. Global exchanges have influenced literature and the visual arts for hundreds of years
3. In the twentieth century, the western world gained a new appreciation for the arts of other civilians
F. Looking Ahead
1. Many current trends and issues emerged long before 1945 and will continue beyond 2000
IV. Chapter 33
V. The Western World: An Overview
A. The Cold War in Europe
1. Berlin remained a focus of Cold War tensions
2. Critics denounced the buildup
3. Détente, or relaxations of tensions
B. Recovery and Growth in Western Europe
1. On the political front, right wing-parties, which had supported fascism, were discredited
2. A major goal of leftist parties was to extend the welfare state
3. A service industry is one that provides a service rather than a product
C. Toward Europe Unity
1. Europe’s recovery from WWII was helped by economic cooperation
2. Despite disputes between members, the Common Market prospered
3. The EU became a powerful economic force
D. Social Trends
1. The pace of social change speeded up after 1945
2. Since the 1950s, many immigrants from former colonies in Asia
3. A women’s income helped improve her family’s standard living
VI. The Western European Democracies
A. Britain: Government and the Economy
1. WWII left Britain physically battered and economically drained
2. The “new world” gave government an ever larger role in the economy
3. Later governments generally accepted then welfare state
B. France: Revival and Prosperity
1. Like Britain, France was gently weakened by WWII
2. In 1958, de Gaulle set up the Fifth Republic
3. De Gaulle worked hard to restore French prestige and power
C. Germany: Reunited at Least
1. The early years after WWII were a desperate time for Germany
2. By 1949, feuds among the Allies divided Germany
3. As the Cold War began, the United States rushed aid to its former enemy
D. Other Democratic Nations of the West
1. Other parts of Western Europe slowly recovered from the war
2. Postwar Italy was economically divided
3. In the urban north, industries rebuilt and prospered
VII. North American Prosperity
A. The Untied States and the Cold War
1. They joined UN peacekeeping missions in the Middle East and elsewhere
2. American involvement in Vietnam increased under Eisenhower’s successors
3. By 1967, Americans at home were bitterly divided over the Vietnam War
B. Economy and the Role of Government
1. By the early 1950s, the American economy was booming
2. In the US, as in Western Europe, government’s role in the economy grew
3. Government spreading and tax cuts greatly increased the national deficit
C. The Civil Rights Movement
1. The 1950s seemed a peaceful time at home
2. Many black and white Americans joined the civil rights movements
3. It outlawed segregation in public accommodations, protected the rights of black voters, and required equal access to housing and jobs
D. The United States and the Global Economy
1. In the postwar decades, the US profited greatly from the growing global economy
2. American industries faced stiff competition from Asian and other nations
3. Still, the US remained a rich nation and a magnet for immigrants
E. Postwar Canada
1. Like the US, Canada was a nation shaped by immigrants
2. Canada ranked among the major democratic, industrial powers
3. Other issues between Canada and the US concerned the environment
VIII. He Soviet Union: Rise and Fall of a Superpower
A. Stalin’s Successors
1. The Soviet Union emerged from the WWII a superpower
2. Victory, however, brought few rewards to the Soviet people
3. Brezhnev rigorously suppressed dissidents, people who spoke out against the government
B. The Soviet Economy
1. In 1957, the soviets launched Sputnik I, the first artificial satellite to orbit the earth
2. Neither Khrushchev nor Brezhnev, however, was able to solve basic Soviet economic problem
3. Low output was due to inefficiencies in central economic planning
C. Foreign Policy Issues
1. Stalin and his successors forcefully asserted Soviet control over Eastern Europe
2. As you saw, Soviet-American relations swung back and forth between confrontation and détente
3. At home, Gorbachez launched a two pronged effort at reform
D. The Russian Republic
1. Russia, the largest republic in size and population, had dominated the Soviet Union
2. Russians approved a new constitution, but they had no democratic traditions
3. Russia reduced its nuclear stockpile after the breakup of the Soviet Union.
E. The Other Republics
1. Like Russia, the other former Soviet republics wanted to build stable governments and improve their standard of living
2. Other conflicts arose over disputed borders
3. These new nations endured hard times as switched to market colonies
IX. A New Era in Eastern Europe
A. In the Soviet Orbit
1. In 1945, Soviet armies occupied much of Eastern Europe
2. Stalin forced his satellites to contribute to the rebuilding of Soviet industry
3. Soviet power did not extend to Yugoslavia
B. Poland’s Struggle Toward Democracy
1. Poland was the Soviet Union’s most troublesome satellite
2. In 1956, economic woes touched off riots and strikes
3. Under pressure from the Soviets, the Polish government cracked down on Solidarity
C. Revolution and Freedom
1. By late 1989, a “democracy movement” was sweeping Eastern Europe
2. Most changes came peacefully
3. For the first time since 1945, Eastern European countries were free to settle their own affairs
D. War Comes to Sarajevo
1. While Zlata was growing up, Sarajevo was part of Yugoslavia
2. Although Bosnia, where Zlata lived, became independent, it was still divided
3. Ethic cleansing recalled the horrors of Nazi Germany and the Holocaust
E. Looking Ahead
1. In 1995, the US finally brought the warning parties to Dayton, Ohio
2. In the 1990s, Bosnia became a test case for western powers in the post-Cold War world
3. An international court at the Hague held trials for those accused of war