John Franklin Enders (1897-1985): "American virologist and microbiologist who, with Frederick C. Robbins and Thomas H. Weller, was awarded the Nobel Prize
for Physiology or Medicine for 1954 for his part in cultivating the poliomyelitis virus in nonnervous-tissue cultures, a preliminary step to the development of the polio vaccine." Encyclopędia Britannica Online
Simon Flexner (1863-1946): "American pathologist and bacteriologist who led the research team that was able to
produce in monkeys a nonfatal form of poliomyelitis and pass it from monkey to monkey, thus trapping a polio virus for laboratory study." Encyclopędia Britannica Online
Ross Granville Harrison (1870-1959): "American zoologist who developed the first successful animal-tissue cultures and pioneered organ-transplantation techniques."
"...his culture technique was to have vital biological applications, such as its use in cancer research and the development of polio vaccines." Encyclopędia Britannica Online
Frederick Chapman Robbins: "American pediatrician and virologist who received (with John Enders and Thomas Weller) the 1954 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for successfully cultivating poliomyelitis virus in tissue cultures. This accomplishment made possible the
production of polio vaccines, the development of sophisticated diagnostic methods, and the isolation of new viruses." Encyclopędia Britannica Online
Thomas H. Weller: "American physician and virologist who was the co-recipient (with John Enders and Frederick Robbins) of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1954 for the successful cultivation of poliomyelitis virus in tissue cultures. This made it possible to study the virus 'in the test tube'--a procedure that led to the development of polio vaccines." Encyclopędia Britannica Online
Martha Wollstein (1868-1939) "American physician and investigator in pediatric pathology...Her study brought her to the attention of the Rockefeller Institute of Medical Research in New York City, where she collaborated on the first experimental work on polio in the United States." Encyclopędia Britannica Online
Encyclopędia Britannica Online
[Accessed 15 February 2000]
Copyright © 1994-1999 Encyclopędia Britannica, Inc.
Others who worked on behalf of Polio and Survivors:
(Sir) Frank Macfarlane Burnet, Australia (1899-1985)
(Dame) Annie Jean Macnamara, Australia (1899-1968)
John Rodman Paul, USA (Yale) (1893-1971)
Dorothy Horstmann, USA (Yale) (1911-2001)
Joseph Melnick (Yale, NIH, Baylor) (1914-2001)
Karl Landsteiner, Austria (1868-1943)
Thomas Francis, Jr. USA (University of Michigan) (1900-1969)
Ivar Wickman, Sweden (1872-1914)
Jakob Heine, Lauterbach, Germany (1800-1879)
Karl Oskar Medin, Sweden (1847-1927)
Michael Underwood, England (circa 1789)
Mikhail Chumakov, Russia
Guillaume Benjamin Amand Duchenne de Boulogne, French neurologist (1806-1875)
Ernst Adolf Gustav Gottfried von Strumpell, German neurologist (1853-1925)
Thomas M. Rivers (1888-1962)
Robert D. Defries, Canada (1889-1975)
John FitzGerald, Canada (1882-1940)
Hillary Kaprowski, Philadelphia, PA
Charles Armstrong "Hall of Fame"
Isabel Morgan "Hall of Fame"
Howard A. Howe "Hall of Fame"
Basil O' Connor (1892-1972) "Hall of Fame"
Warm Springs, GA, "Hall of Fame" has busts on 17 people who were Polio Pioneers
More Polio Information
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