About 10 000 years ago, the ice sgeets of the Tundra gave way rapidly to coniferous and hardwood forest. The great herds of bison, horses, reindeer, and mammoths were replaced by elsusive, hard-to-hunt anumals, such as moose and elks. Human society and technology evolved in adaptation to the changing ocnditions. The resulting cultures were called the Homo sapiens, modern man before modern man. New tools were included such as the bow and arrow enabled hunters to pursue solitary game animals of the forest. Ingenious traps, snares and nets enabled people to exploit resosurces such as wildfowl and fish that abounded in the lakes left by the retreaitng glaciers. Settlements became smaller more dispersed and less permanent.