The Class A Truckstop

 Glossary of Truck Terminology

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                           ABS (Antilock Braking System)
                              Computer, sensors and solenoid valves which together monitor wheel speed and modulate braking
                                force if wheel lockup is sensed during braking. Helps the driver retain control of the vehicle during
                                heavy braking on slippery roads.
                           AFV (Alternative Fueled Vehicle)
                              Vehicle powered by a fuel other than gasoline or diesel.
                           Air brake
                                A brake which is operated by air.  The air brake is operated by use of air lines, valves, tanks, and an air compressor.
                           Air Ride Suspension
                             Suspension which supports the load on air-filled rubber bags rather than steel springs.
                                Compressed air is supplied by the same engine driven air compressor and reservoir tanks which
                                provide air to the air brake system.
                           Air spring System
                               A system whereby the container and plunger are separated by air under pressure  When the container and plunger
                               attempt to squeeze together, air compresses and produces a spring effect.
                          Air Tank
                                 A reservoir for storing air for use in the air brake system  Without this storage tank there would not be enough
                                 air for braking when needed.
                          Ammeter
                                 A gauge which registers the output of the alternator or generator.
                          ATC (Automatic Traction Control)
                                Usually an optional feature based on ABS, it prevents spinning of the drive wheels under power
                                on slippery surfaces by braking individual wheels and/or reducing engine throttle. Also called
                                ASR, an acronym sometimes loosely translated from the German as anti-spin regulation.
                           Axle
                              Structural component to which wheels, brakes and suspension are attached.
                                     Drive axles are those with powered wheels.
                                     Front axle is usually called the steer axle.
                                     Pusher axles are unpowered and go ahead of drive axles.
                                     Rear axles may be drive, tag or pusher types.
                                     Tag axles are unpowered and go behind drive axles.
                          BBC
                              Distance from a truck's front bumper to the back of its cab.
                          Bill of Lading
                              A shipping document or or shipping paper for a particular shipment.  It contains an itemized list of goods in the shipment.
                               It serves as a contract of shipment and a receipt for the goods.
                          Blind Spot
                              Areas around a commercial vehicle that are not visible to the driver either through the windshield,
                                side windows or mirrors.
                           Bobtail
                              Tractor operating without a trailer.
                           Bogie (also spelled bogey)
                              Assembly of two or more axles, usually a pair in tandem.
                           Balloon Freight
                                The term used when a driver is hauling cargo that is very light in weight compared with the cubic space occupied.
                           Brake Horsepower (bhp)
                                Engine horsepower rating as determined by brake dynamometer testing. (see Horsepower)
                           Bridge Formula
                              A bridge protection formula used by federal and state governments to regulate the amount of
                                weight that can be put on each of a vehicle's axles, and how far apart the axles (or groups of axles)
                                must be to legally carry a given weight.
                           Bulk Freight
                                Freight that is not in packages or containers.  It is normally hauled in tanks or grain trailers.
                           Cabover (Cab-Over-Engine, COE)
                                Truck or tractor design in which the cab sits over the engine on the chassis.
                           Cargo Weight
                              Combined weight of all loads, gear and supplies on a vehicle.
                           Cartage Company
                              Company that provides local (within a town, city or municipality) pick-up and delivery.
                           Cast Spoke Wheel
                              Wheel with five or six spokes originating from a center hub. The spoked portion, usually made of
                                cast steel, is bolted to a multiple piece steel rim.
                           CB (Citizens Band Radio)
                              Two-way radio for which no license is required by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).
                                Long beyond its heyday in the '70s, CB is still used by truckers and motorists for everything from
                                traffic condition reports to emergency calls to idle chatter. Click here for the FCC Rules.
                           CDL (Commercial Driver's License)
                                License which authorizes an individual to operate commercial motor vehicles and buses over
                                26,000 pounds gross vehicle weight. For operators of freight hauling trucks, the maximum size
                                which may be driven without a CDL is Class 6 (maximum 26,000 pounds gross vehicle weight).
                           CE (CF, LP)
                                Distance from back of a truck's cab to the end of its frame.
                           CG (Center of Gravity)
                               Weight center or balance point of an object, such as a truck body. Calculated to help determine
                                optimum placement of truck bodies on chassis.
                           Chassis Weight (Curb Weight, Tare Weight)
                                Weight of the empty truck, without occupants or load.
                           Clearance  Lights
                                The lights that are on top of the Front and rea of the Semitrailer.
                           CNG
                                Compressed natural gas.
                           COFC (Container On Flat Car)
                              Method of moving shipping containers which involves transporting them on railroad flat cars.
                           Common Carrier
                                Freight transportation company which serves the general public. May be regular route service
                                (over designated highways on a regular basis) or irregular route (between various points on an
                                unscheduled basis).
                           Compensated Intracorporate Hauling
                                Freight transportation service provided by one company for a sister company.
                           Container (Shipping Container)
                                Standard sized rectangular box used to transport freight by ship, rail and highway. International
                                shipping containers are 20 or 40 feet long, conform to International Standards Organization (ISO)
                                standards and are designed to fit in ships' holds. Containers are transported on public roads atop a
                                container chassis towed by a tractor. Domestic containers, up to 53 feet long and of lighter
                                construction, are designed for rail and highway use only.
                          Consignee
                              The receiver. The company taking in your freight. The place you deliver your load to.
                           Container Chassis
                              Single purpose semitrailer designed to carry a shipping container.
                           Contract Carrier
                              Company that transports freight under contract with one or a limited number of shippers.
                           Conventional
                                A style of truck with the engine compartment located in front of the cab or driver’s compartment.
                          Conventional spring system
                                 A system which uses the conventional front and rear suspension springs.
                           Converter Dolly (Dolly)
                               Auxiliary axle assembly equipped with a fifth wheel (coupling device), towed by a semitrailer and
                                supporting the front of, and towing, another semitrailer.
                           Cube (Cubic Capacity)
                                Interior volume of a truck body, semitrailer or trailer, measured in cubic feet.
                          Dedicated Run
                             A run that typically always goes to the same place, on nearly the same schedule. Many
                             drivers would love to get a dedicated run. As a result, you usually have to wait awhile
                              before it's offered/available to you.
                           Dead-Heading
                               Operating a truck without cargo.
                           Demountable Rim
                              Multi-piece steel wheel rim assembly which is bolted to a spoke hub. Demountable rims are still in
                                use, though they have been replaced in many applications by the simpler disc wheel.
                           Disc Wheel
                               Single piece rim/wheel assembly of stamped and welded steel or forged aluminum, anchored by 8
                                or 10 nuts to a hub. A "Budd wheel" is a ten-hole, stud piloted disc wheel; a design originated by
                                the Budd Corporation.
                           Displacement (Piston Displacement)
                              Sum of the volumes swept by an engine's pistons as they travel up and down in their cylinders.
                                Based upon bore (diameter of cylinder) and stroke (distance traveled by piston). Expressed in liters
                                or cubic inches.
                           Doubles (Twins, Twin Trailers)
                                Combination of a tractor and two semi trailers connected in tandem by a converter dolly.
                           Driveline
                              All the components which together transmit power from the transmission to the drive axle(s).
                                These consist of at least one drive shaft (propeller shaft) with a universal joint at each end.
                           Drive train (Powertrain)
                              All the components, excluding engine, which transmit the engine's power to the rear wheels:
                                clutch, transmission, driveline and drive axle(s).
                           DRL (Daytime Running Lights)
                                System that automatically turns on a vehicle's low beam headlights when the parking brake is
                                released and the ignition is on.
                          Drop & Hook
                                  This means that you take your empty trailer into a shipper's facility and drop it. You then
                                  pick up a trailer that has already been loaded. It saves an enormous amount of time and
                                  most drivers find a company that has a high percentage of drop & hook to be a big advantage. (less dock time.)
                           EDI (Electronic Data Interchange)
                              The business-to-business interconnection of computers for the rapid exchange of a wide variety of
                                documents, from bills of lading to build tickets at auto plants.
                           Exempt Carrier
                              Company which transports commodities exempted from Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)
                                economic regulation.
                           Fifth Wheel
                               Coupling device attached to a tractor or dolly which supports the front of a semitrailer and locks it
                                to the tractor or dolly. The fifth wheel's center is designed to accept a trailer's kingpin, around
                                which the trailer and tractor or dolly pivot in turns.
                          Fingerprint a load
                                If the driver must "fingerprint" a load, it means he/she must unload it themselves. Not a
                                terribly popular option to most drivers.
                           Fixed Tandem
                                Assembly of two axles and suspension that is attached to the chassis in one place, and cannot be
                                moved fore and aft.
                           For-Hire Carrier
                              Company in the business of transporting freight belonging to others.
                            Freight bill
                               Document for a common carrier shipment.  Gives description of the freight, its weight, amount of charges,
                               taxes, and whether collect or prepaid.  Bills paid in advance are called prepaid freight bills.  Bills collected at destination
                               are called collect.
                           GAWR (Gross Axle Weight Rating)
                                Maximum weight an axle is rated to carry by the manufacturer. Includes both the weight of the axle
                                and the portion of a vehicle's weight carried by the axle.
                            G.B.L.
                                 Government Bill of Lading.
                           GCW (Gross Combination Weight)
                              Total weight of a loaded combination vehicle, such as a tractor semitrailer or truck and full
                                trailer(s).
                           Geared Speed
                              Calculated vehicle speed at the engine's governed rpm in each transmission gear, or (commonly) in
                                top gear.
                           Gear Ratio
                                Number, usually expressed as a decimal fraction, representing how many turns of the input shaft
                                cause exactly one revolution of the output shaft. Applies to transmissions, power takeoffs, power
                                dividers and rear axles. Example: If 2.5 revolutions of an input shaft cause one revolution of the
                                output shaft, the gear ratio is 2.5:1.
                           Governor
                                A device for regulating a supply of fuel that keeps the same, maximum speed regardless of the load.
                           Grade
                                Steepness of a grade, expressed as a percentage. Example: A vehicle climbing a 5% grade rises 5
                                feet for every 100 feet of forward travel.
                           Gradeability
                              Vehicle's ability to climb a grade at a given speed. Example: A truck with a gradeability of 5% at 60
                                mph can maintain 60 mph on a grade with a rise of 5%.
                           GVW (Gross Vehicle Weight)
                                Total weight of a vehicle and everything aboard, including its load.
                           GVWR (Gross Vehicle Weight Rating)
                                Total weight a vehicle is rated to carry by the manufacturer, including its own weight and the
                                weight of its load.
                           Hazmat
                                Hazardous materials, as classified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Transport
                                of hazardous materials is strictly regulated by the U.S. Department of Transportation.
                           Headache Rack
                                Heavy protective barrier mounted behind the tractor's cab. Designed to prevent "headaches"
                                caused by load shifting forward from the trailer and crushing the cab.
                           Home Time Policy
                                 Most companies profess to have a "Home Time Policy". It is more or less what they try to
                                 do in regards to getting drivers home. Some of the more popular "policies": 1.) You earn
                                 one day home for every day you spend on the road. 2.) You earn 3 days for spending 2
                                 weeks on the road. 3.) You are home every weekend. This usually means you'll probably
                                 be home sometime on Friday and have to leave out sometime on Sunday. Every company
                                 is different, of course, so if home time is important to you, be sure to ask any potential
                                 employer!! This is a source of problems for many drivers. They are told one thing by a
                                 recruiter and it works differently when they start to deal with their dispatcher. Also keep in
                                 mind that there will be times that you just won't make it home. Freight will just not be flowing
                                 right. The weather will be bad. Your equipment will break down. Give a carrier a chance to
                                 "do right" by you in regards to home time but if it is a constant difficulty - and it's an issue
                                  that matter to you - you may have to look elsewhere. Just don't jump ship too soon.
                           Horsepower (hp)
                              Measure of power (the amount of work that can be done over a given amount of time). One
                                horsepower is defined as 33,000 foot-pounds of work in one minute. Example: Lifting 33,000
                                pounds one foot in one minute, or lifting 3300 pounds ten feet in one minute.
                           Hours-Of-Service
                                U.S. Department of Transportation safety regulations which govern the hours of service of
                                commercial vehicle drivers engaged in interstate trucking operations.
                            Hydroplaning
                                When the tires lose contact with a wet road surface.
                            Interstate Commerce commission (ICC)
                                 The federal body charged with enforcing Acts of congress affecting interstate
                                 commerce.
                            IVHS (Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems)
                                Blanket term for a wide array of technologies, including electronic sensors, computer hardware and
                                software and radio communications. The purpose of IVHS is to increase efficiency of use of
                                existing highways, reducing travel time, fuel consumption, air pollution and accidents. There are
                                five functional areas:
                                     Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS)
                                     Advance Traffic Management Systems (ATMS)
                                     Advance Traveler Information Systems (ATIS)
                                     Advanced Vehicle Control Systems (AVCS)
                                     Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO)
                                A more recently coined term, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), encompasses both IVHS
                                and modes of transportation other than highway, such as rail.
                           Jackknife
                                To place the trailer at a very sharp angle to the tractor.
                           Jack-Rabbit Start
                                The sudden or quick release of the clutch that causes immediate movement of the vehicle
                           JIT (Just-In-Time)
                               Manufacturing system which depends on frequent, small deliveries of parts and supplies to keep
                                on-site inventory to a minimum.
                           Kingpin (axle)
                              Pin around which a steer axle's wheels pivot.
                           Kingpin (trailer)
                                Anchor pin at the center of a semi trailer's upper coupler which is captured by the locking jaws of a
                                tractor's fifth wheel to attach the tractor to the semitrailer.
                           Landing Gear
                              Retracting legs which support the front of a semitrailer when it is not coupled to a tractor.
                           Layover
                               Any off-duty period away from home.
                           LCV (Long Combination Vehicle)
                                In general, vehicles longer than a standard doubles rig (tractor and two 28ft semi trailers).
                                Examples of LCVs which are permitted in some U.S. western states and eastern toll roads: Twin
                                48ft trailers; triple 28ft trailers.
                           Lessee
                                Company or individual which leases vehicles.
                           Lessor
                                Company which leases vehicles.
                           Lift Axle
                                Extra, unpowered axle needed only when the vehicle is loaded, allowing it to meet federal and state
                                vehicle weight standards. The lift axle is mounted to an air spring suspension that raises the axle
                                when it is not required.
                           Line haul
                                The movement of freight from one point to another.  It does not include pickup and delivery services
                           LPG
                                Liquefied Petroleum Gas, e.g., Propane Butane.
                           Logbook
                                 Book carried by truck drivers in which they record their hours of service and duty status for each
                                24-hour period. Required in interstate commercial trucking by the U.S. Department of
                                Transportation.  Click here for Logbook info.
                           Lowboy
                                Open flat-bed trailer with a deck height very low to the ground, used to haul construction
                                equipment or bulky or heavy loads.
                           LTL (Less-Than-Truckload)
                                A quantity of freight less than that required for the application of a truckload (TL) rate; usually
                                less than 10,000 pounds.
                           LTL Carrier
                                Trucking company which consolidates less-than-truckload cargo for multiple destinations on one
                                vehicle.
                           Minnie
                                 Any shipment under 100 pounds.
                           Motor Carrier Act
                                 A law passed in 1935 which brought the interstate commerce Commission (ICC) into the truck
                                 regulation business.
                           Motor Vehicle
                                 Any vehicle driven or pulled by mechanical power.  It is used on the highways for hauling property or
                                 passengers as determined by the federal highway Administration.
                           No Touch
                                 Means the driver does not have to "touch" the load -- doesn't have to fingerprint...doesn't
                                 have to do any of the unloading.
                           Odometer
                                A device that measures the distance of travel in miles.  This device is attached to the speedometer
                           O, S & D Dept.
                                Overage, shortage and damaged. Someone in your company is in charge of OS & D. You
                                must call in if you have any of these conditions with your load before leaving the receiver --
                                and in some cases, you must call before even pulling out of their dock.
                           Overage
                                Extra freight from what should have been shipped.
                           Overdrive
                                Gearing in which less than one revolution of a transmission's input shaft causes one turn of the
                                output shaft. The purpose of overdrive is to reduce engine rpm in high gear for better fuel
                                economy. Example: A transmission with an overdrive top gear has a ratio of 0.70 to one. Turning
                                the input shaft 0.7 revolutions causes 1.0 revolution of the output shaft.
                           Owner Operator
                              Trucker who owns and operates her/his own truck(s).  Click here for Owner Operator info.
                           Pancake
                              A brake diaphragm housing on each set of dual wheels on a semitrailer and on most tractors.
                           P&D
                              Pickup and delivery.
                           Payload
                              Weight of the cargo being hauled.
                           Peddle Run
                                Truck route with frequent delivery stops.
                           Pigtail
                                Cable used to transmit electrical power from the tractor to the trailer. So named because it is coiled
                                like a pig's tail.
                           Piggyback
                              Semitrailer built with reinforcements to withstand transport by a railroad flatcar.
                           Pintle Hook
                                Coupling device used in double trailer, triple trailer and truck trailer combinations. It has a curved,
                                fixed towing horn and an upper latch that opens to accept the drawbar eye of a trailer or dolly.
                           Placard
                                A sign showing the type of hazardous materials loaded in a vehicle. Click here for HAZMAT Placard info.
                           Ply Rating (PR)
                                Relative measure of tire casing strength. (see Load Range)
                           Powertrain (Drivetrain)
                                All the components, including engine, which transmit the engine's power to the rear wheels: clutch,
                                transmission, driveline and drive axle(s).
                           Private Carrier
                                Business which operates trucks primarily for the purpose of transporting its own products and raw
                                materials. The principle business activity of a private carrier is not transportation.
                           PSI (Pounds Per Square Inch)
                                In trucking, unit of measurement for tire air pressure, air brake system pressure and turbocharger
                                boost.
                           PTO (Power Takeoff)
                                Device used to transmit engine power to auxiliary equipment. A PTO often drives a hydraulic
                                pump, which can power a dump body, concrete mixer or refuse packer. Some designs mount to a
                                standard opening on the transmission, while others attach at the front or rear of the engine.
                           Pull Trailer
                              Short, full trailer (supported by axles front and rear) with an extended tongue.
                           Pup Trailer
                              Short semitrailer, usually between 26 and 32 feet long, with a single axle.
                           Relay (Relay Driving)
                                Common practice in the less-than-truckload industry, in which one driver takes a truck for 8 to 10
                                hours, then turns the truck over to another driver, pony express style.
                           Reefer
                                Refrigerated trailer with insulated walls and a self powered refrigeration unit. Most commonly used
                                for transporting food.
                           Retarder
                                device used to assist brakes in slowing the vehicle. The most common type of retarder on
                                over-the-road trucks manipulates the engine's valves to create engine drag. (This type is
                                commonly referred to as "Jake Brake" because the predominant manufacturer is Jacobs Vehicle
                                Equipment Co.) Other types of retarders include exhaust retarders, transmission-mounted hydraulic
                                retarders and axle-mounted electromagnetic retarders.
                           RFG (Reformulated Gasoline)
                                Gasoline blended with pollution reducing additives. Common in the Milwaukee metro area.
                           Rider Policy
                             A policy the company might have that allows someone, not employed by the company, to
                            ride along with you. Typically limited to certain times of year (April to November) and limited
                             to age of rider. The Policy might also stipulate the person must be an immediate family
                              member only.
                            Rolling Radius
                                Tire dimension from center of the axle to the ground; measured with tire loaded to rated capacity.
                                Used in calculating geared speed.
                           Rodeo or roadeo
                                 A series of skill execises that are to be done within a limited amount of time.  Measures a drivers’s skill in maneuvering
                                 his vehicle.
                           RPM (Revolutions Per Minute)
                                Measure of the speed at which a shaft spins. Most often used to describe engine crankshaft
                                speed. Indicated by a tachometer.
                           Runaway Truck Ramp
                                Emergency area adjacent to a steep downgrade that a heavy truck can steer into after losing
                                braking power. Usually two or three lanes wide and several hundred feet long, the ramp is a soft,
                                gravel-filled pathway which absorbs the truck's forward momentum, bringing it to a safe stop.
                                Depending on the surrounding terrain, the ramp may be level or run up or down hill.
                            Running Gear
                                A trailer’s axles’s bearings,  seals, brakes.  Wheels, tiers, springs, and spring hangers anr the parts which make up the
                                running gear.
                           Saddle tank
                                The fuel tank on a truck or tractor.
                           Semitrailer
                               Truck trailer supported at the rear by its own wheels and at the front by a fifth wheel mounted to a
                                tractor or dolly.
                           Setback Axle
                                Front steering axle moved rearward from the generally accepted standard position. Advantages:
                                Shorter turning radius and more of a vehicle's weight shifted to front axle.
                           Shipping Weight
                              "Dry" weight of a truck including all standard equipment, but excluding fuel and coolant.
                           Single-Source Leasing
                                Service in which companies can lease drivers and trucks from the same source, rather than having
                                to procure them from different companies.
                           Sleeper
                                Sleeping compartment mounted behind a truck cab, sometimes attached to the cab or even
                                designed to be an integral part of it.
                           Sliding Fifth Wheel
                                Fifth wheel mounted to a mechanism that allows it to be moved back and forth for the purpose of
                                adjusting the distribution of weight on the tractor's axles. Also provides the capability to vary
                                vehicle combination lengths.
                           Sliding Tandem (Slider)
                                Mechanism that allows a tandem axle suspension to be moved back and forth at the rear of a
                                semitrailer, for the purpose of adjusting the distribution of weight between the axles and fifth
                                wheel.
                           Space Cushion
                                 An area around a vehicle which would allow a driver time to avoid an accident.
                           Speedability
                                Top speed a vehicle can attain as determined by engine power, engine governed speed, gross
                                weight, driveline efficiency, air resistance, grade and load.
                           Spread Axle (Spread Tandem)
                                Tandem axle assembly spaced further apart than the standard spacing of 54 inches. The U.S.
                                federal bridge formula favors trailer axles with an eight or nine foot spread by allowing higher
                                weight than on tandems with standard spacing.
                           Spotter
                                A terminal yard driver who parks vehicles brought in by regular drivers.  It I is also a supervisor who watches the activities of the
                                driver on the road.
                           Synchronized Transmission
                                Transmission with built-in mechanisms to automatically "equalize" the speed of its gears to allow
                                smooth shifting without the need to double clutch.
                           Tachometer
                              A decive inside the cab of a vehicle to show the engine RPM.
                           Tandem Axle (Tandems)
                              Pair of axles and associated suspension usually located close together.
                           Team (Driver Team)
                                Team of two drivers who alternative driving and resting.
                           TEU (Twenty Foot Equivalent Unit)
                                Standardized unit for measuring container capacity on ships, railcars, etc.
                           TL (Truckload)
                                The quantity of freight required to fill a trailer; usually more than 10,000 pounds.
                           TL Carrier
                                Trucking company which dedicates trailers to a single shipper's cargo, as opposed to an LTL (Less
                                Than Truckload) carrier which transports the consolidated cargo of several shippers and makes
                                multiple deliveries.
                          Tractor
                                Truck designed primarily to pull a semitrailer by means of a fifth wheel mounted over the rear
                                axle(s). Sometimes called a truck tractor or highway tractor to differentiate from it from a farm
                                tractor.
                           Tri-Axle
                              Truck, tractor or trailer with three axles grouped together at the rear.
                           Tridem
                               Group of three axles on a truck, tractor or trailer. Tridems are most common on European
                                semi trailers.
                           Trip Leasing
                              Leasing a company's vehicle to another transportation provider for a single trip.
                           Trip Recorder (On-Board Computer)
                                Cab-mounted device which electronically or mechanically records data such as truck speed, engine
                                rpm, idle time and other information useful to trucking management.
                           Truck
                                Vehicle which carries cargo in a body mounted to its chassis, rather than on a trailer towed by the
                                vehicle.
                           ULEV
                                Ultra low emissions vehicle.
                           Upper Coupler
                                Load bearing surface on the underside of the front of a semitrailer. It rests on the fifth wheel of a
                                tractor or dolly and has a downward-protruding kingpin which is captured by the locking jaws of
                                the fifth wheel.
                           VIN (Vehicle Identification Number)
                                Assigned by the manufacturer, this number is unique to each vehicle and appears on the vehicle's
                                registration and title.
                           VMRS (Vehicle Maintenance Reporting Standards)
                                Set of codes developed to facilitate computerized tracking of parts and labor used in equipment
                                repair. Established and maintained by the American Trucking Associations.
                           Walking Beam Suspension
                                Type of truck and tractor rear suspension consisting of two beams, one at each side of the chassis,
                                which pivot in the center and connect at the front to one axle of a tandem and at the rear to the
                                other axle.
                           Waybill
                                 A list of goods sent by a common carrier with shipping directions.
                           WIM (Weigh-In-Motion)
                                Technology for determining a vehicle's weight without requiring it to come to a complete stop.
                           Yard Jockey
                                Person who operates a yard tractor.

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